GaSe1-xSx mixed crystals have recently drawn worldwide attention owing to their wide bandgap, which can be tuned by varying the ratio between Se and S. We have addressed the scarcity of comprehensive studies on its dynamic properties by investigating the photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) of GaSe1-xSx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) mixed crystals at different temperatures (14 – 300 K) using 404 nm excitation from a Ti:Sapphire laser. This paper aims to show that the PL spectra and the lifetime of GaSe1-xSx could be used to determine the stacking type and composition of the sample. Three Gaussian peaks were deconvoluted from the obtained PL spectrum and were attributed to excitons from the direct and indirect bandgaps. As the sulfur composition increases, the color of the emission changes and the PL spectra exhibits a blueshift. Selenium-rich samples, which have a ε-stacking, have an orange emission while sulfur-rich samples, which have a ε-β mixed stacking, have a yellow to green emission. TRPL results reveal that the lifetime becomes longer as the sulfur composition increases. The stacking type influences the separation and transfer of the carriers. Hence, sulfur-rich samples have a significantly longer lifetime than selenium-rich samples due to their β- stacking. As the temperature increases, the lifetime also becomes longer due to the increase of the non-radiative recombination rate, which plays a dominant role in the PL emission. These results are useful for the development of GaSe1-xSx-based optoelectronic devices in the red to the blue visible region.
This paper presents an optical auto-focusing system that is implemented by integrating a real-time auto-focusing algorithm, an image capturing and processing module and a stepper motor. Several image filters are tested and compared through the system for their effects on suppressing noise to accelerate the auto-focusing procedure. Besides, a nonlinear regression method is applied in the data analysis for the system to quickly move the stepper motor to the focus. The concise and effective algorithm can be applied on digital cameras for auto-focusing with noise reduction.
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