Mr. Michael Henley Profile

Michael Henley

at Air Force Research Lab

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Publications (3)

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 2009 Paper

Modeling the atmospheric chemistry of TICs

Michael Henley, Douglas Burns, Veeradej Chynwat, William Moore, Angela Plitz, Shawn Rottmann, John Hearn

Proceedings Volume 7304, 73040H (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.821924

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric modeling, Toxic industrial chemicals, Atmospheric chemistry, Data modeling, Chemistry, Diffusion, Meteorology, Clouds, Algorithm development, Molecules

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An atmospheric chemistry model that describes the behavior and disposition of environmentally hazardous compounds discharged into the atmosphere was coupled with the transport and diffusion model, SCIPUFF. The atmospheric chemistry model was developed by reducing a detailed atmospheric chemistry mechanism to a simple empirical effective degradation rate term (k_eff) that is a function of important meteorological parameters such as solar flux, temperature, and cloud cover. Empirically derived k_eff functions that describe the degradation of target toxic industrial chemicals (TICs) were derived by statistically analyzing data generated from the detailed chemistry mechanism run over a wide range of (typical) atmospheric conditions. To assess and identify areas to improve the developed atmospheric chemistry model, sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were performed to (1) quantify the sensitivity of the model output (TIC concentrations) with respect to changes in the input parameters and (2) improve, where necessary, the quality of the input data based on sensitivity results. The model predictions were evaluated against experimental data. Chamber data were used to remove the complexities of dispersion in the atmosphere.

Proceedings Article | 24 June 2002 Paper

Detection of pathogenic organisms in food, water, and body fluids

William Wallace, Michael Henley, Gary Sayler

Proceedings Volume 4722, (2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.472259

KEYWORDS: Pathogens, Organisms, Bacteria, Bioluminescence, Sensors, Water, Molecules, Signal detection, Matrices, Genetics

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The construction of specific bioluminescent bacteriophage for detection of pathogenic organism can be developed to overcome interferences in complex matrices such as food, water and body fluids. Detection and identification of bacteria often require several days and frequently weeks by standard methods of isolation, growth and biochemical test. Immunoassay detection often requires the expression of the bacterial toxin, which can lead to non-detection of cells that may express the toxin under conditions different from testing protocols. Immunoassays require production of a specific antibody to the agent for detection and interference by contaminants frequently affects results. PCR based detection may be inhibited by substances in complex matrices. Modified methods of the PCR technique, such as magnetic capture-hybridization PCR (MCH-PCR), appear to improve the technique by removing the DNA products away from the inhibitors. However, the techniques required for PCR-based detection are slow and the procedures require skilled personnel working with labile reagents. Our approach is based on transferring bioluminescence (lux) genes into a selected bacteriophage. Bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that are widespread in nature and often are genus and species specific. This specificity eliminates or reduces false positives in a bacteriophage assay. The phage recognizes a specific receptor molecule on the surface of a susceptible bacterium, attaches and then injects the viral nucleic acid into the cell. The injected viral genome is expressed and then replicated, generating numerous exact copies of the viral genetic material including the lux genes, often resulting in an increase in bioluminescence by several hundred fold.

Proceedings Article | 28 July 2000 Paper

Atmospheric transformation of volatile organic compounds

Michael Henley, William Bradley, Sheryl Wyatt, G. Graziano, J. Wells

Proceedings Volume 4036, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.394076

KEYWORDS: Hydrogen, Molecules, Atmospheric chemistry, Target detection, Troposphere, NOx, Statistical analysis, Chemistry, Sensors, Oxidation

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To be able to understand and predict the concentration of a target compound in the atmosphere one must understand the atmospheric chemistry involved. The transformation of volatile organic compounds in the troposphere is predominantly driven by the interaction with the hydroxyl and nitrate radicals. The hydroxyl radical exists in daylight conditions and its reaction rate constant with an organic compound is typically very fast. The nitrate radical drives the nighttime chemistry. These radicals can scavenge hydrogen from an organic molecule generating secondary products that are often overlooked in detection schemes. Secondary products can be more stable and serve as a better target compound in detection schemes. The gas phase reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with cyclohexanol (COL) has been studied. The rate coefficient was determined to be (19.0 +/- 4.8) X 10^-12 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1 (at 297 +/- 3 K and 1 atmosphere total pressure) using the relative rate technique with pentanal, decane, and tridecane as the reference compounds. Assuming an average OH concentration of 1 X 10⁶ molecules cm^-3, an atmospheric lifetime of 15 h is calculated for cyclohexanol. Products of the OH + COL reaction were determined to more clearly define cyclohexanol's atmospheric degradation mechanism. The observed products were: cyclohexanone, hexanedial, 3- hydroxycyclohexanone, and 4-hydroxycyclohexanone. Consideration of the potential reaction pathways suggest that each of these products is formed via hydrogen abstraction at a different site on the cyclohexanol ring.

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