KEYWORDS: Thin films, Dye sensitized solar cells, Solar cells, Data modeling, Refractive index, Optical properties, Scanning electron microscopy, Thin film solar cells, Machine learning, Electrodes
Among various solar cell architectures, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells have demonstrated the capability of being bifacial as both can be fabricated on conducting glass electrodes. In both cells, TiO2 plays a key role in the optoelectronic properties of the cell. Various studies have reported a range of recipes and deposition techniques for TiO2 thin films. Such variety introduces some uncertainties into the optical properties of the prepared films as well as in the process repeatability. Here, we utilized machine learning methods to correlate the film porosity to the film refractive index, making it capable of studying the impact of varying the fabrication and deposition techniques. Image postprocessing for scanning electron microscope measurements was utilized to estimate the film porosity, and the refractive index was calculated from the T–λ spectra. Four sets of samples with complete bifacial DSSCs were fabricated and characterized. They recorded a maximum current of 23.42 mA. They were fabricated using carboxymethyl cellulose-based suspension and deposited via the spin-coating sol-gel method. The fabricated cells showed an overall conversion efficiency of 7.9% under optical injection of the AM1.5G spectrum from the front side and LED indoor lighting from the counter electrode.
This paper proposes a new, robust and generic tool to investigate both the series and the shunt resistances, (parasitic resistances), as well as the ideality factor for new generations of solar cells. Focus is given to both dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells, where the mesoporous TiO2 layer plays a significant role. A comprehensive study for the mesostructured-based solar cells with respect to conventional solar cells has been conducted regarding the parasitic resistance variation, the effect of the active material and technology on the ideality factor. Experimental data show acceptable agreement with data extracted from the proposed model where the targeted parameters have been estimated.
Solar simulators are built using various types of light sources having a spectrum similar to that of the sun. Some of these light sources include but are not limited to Xenon Arc Lamps, Metal Halide Arc Lamps and Quartz Tungsten Halogen Lamps. Since these lamps showed several disadvantages related to high cost, light stability, temporal stability and complexity, the usage of high-power LEDs was proposed as a simple and low-cost alternative. This solution boosted the popularity of solar simulators in the field of optical characterization. An array of LEDs is used to create a light source based on mixing different LED's colors with different spectrums, to produce a spectrum similar to that of the sun with a very low mismatch factor. In this paper we will introduce our implemented design with which we managed to reach a 12% mismatching factor at a distance 10 cm from the light source.
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