Direct measurement of transverse force has been investigated in this work by using two specialist single mode
Polarisation-Maintaining (PM) side-hole(s) fibres. Variations in the pressure sensitivity of side-hole fibres with different
rotation angles and magnitudes of the applied external force have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally
and it was confirmed that they are dependent upon the force direction, with reference to the fast or slow axis of the
fibres. The experimental results obtained have shown good agreement with theoretical predictions when appropriate
cross-comparisons were made. Thus these fibres have shown potential to be used as optical fibre sensors for the
measurement of pressure, force and mass of an object, applied in different directions, over a wide range and in real time.
Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMCs) are regarded as candidate materials for aerospace and automotive
applications owning to their superior properties, such as high specific modulus specifically at high temperatures, good
strength and low wear rates. AMCs have been prepared by liquid metal route such as pressureless infiltration, squeeze
casting, stir casting, spray forming, etc. Each of these processes has their own advantages and limitations. The choice of
the fabrication techniques is dictated by production cost, process efficiency, the quality desired in the product and their
applications. AMCs cast from the liquid state are of interest because of their relatively low processing cost and ease in
manufacturing. In the present project, Aluminum A356 and zirconia nano particles were selected as raw materials.
Zirconia nano particles were founded to be a promising candidate due to its high hardness, high modulus of elasticity and
excellent thermal stability. Samples of composites was made at different amount of zirconia's particles (0, 1.5, 2.5, 5vol
%) and temperature of casting were 800, 850 and 950°C. Microstructure of composite specimens was examined using
SEM and optical microscopy. Chemical composition was investigated by XRD method. Physical properties such as
density and porosity were determined by Archimedes and image analyzing methods. Mechanical properties such as
tensile strength, hardness and toughness were determined. The experimental results show that the mechanical properties
like tensile strength and hardness markedly improved by adding zirconia nano particles. The maximum was for samples
with 5vol% of nano particles were casted at 850°C. Fracture toughness decreased by addition of zirconia nano particles.
Aluminum matrix composites are important engineering materials in automotive, aerospace and other applications
because of their low weight, high specific strength and better physical and mechanical properties compared to pure
aluminum. ZrO2 particles as reinforcement were selected to add aluminum with micron and nano size. Al/ZrO2
composites were produced by direct incorporation (vortex method) in different temperatures and 5 volume percents of
ZrO2 particles. Microstructure of the samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Chemical
composition of the phases was studied by XRD. Hardness, and density of these composites were also measured. The
microstructure and mechanical properties tests of composites and study the effect of particle size, resulted the better
properties compared to matrix aluminum. Homogeneous dispersion of the reinforcement particles in the matrix
aluminum was observed. The results show enhancing the composites properties for all samples compared to the
monolithic alloy. However there are some differences in results because of particle size of ceramics and therefore
differences between particles surface area. Maximum volume percent that can be added to A356 aluminum alloy is 5
vol.%, for nano ZrO2 particles, but it seems that is more than 5 vol.% for micron particles. Increasing of viscosity,
porosities and much more defects are caused by increasing volume percents and using smaller particles. The casting
processing is difficult in these conditions. Furthermore, optimum temperatures of casting for micron and nano zirconia
particles are not the same.
Using the real-time holographic interferometry, we have studied the way of variation of thermal expansion coefficient as a function of temperature. For this purpose we have used a particular set-up appropriate to in-situs developing process. In the reconstruction step, the observer will see-through the hologram ,a virtual image which is coincident with the wave diffracted by the object itself, and an interference pattern will appear. If then the temperature of the object is increased, this will cause the movement of fringe.
Hype number of displaced fringes give measure to evaluatethe coefficient of the thermal expansion of the object. The corresponding curves is depicted.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.