Anaerobic exercise can gradually increase muscle mass over time as a result of adaptive responses of muscle cells to ensure metabolic homeostasis in the tissue. We found that hypoxia, which occurs during prolonged anaerobic exercise, significantly impeded myotube differentiation from myoblasts. The impediment could be prevented significantly by photobiomodulation (PBM). PBM can mitigate exercise-induced impairment of mitochondrial functions and significantly improve muscle function and exercise performance if appliable adequately. The observation provides valuable guidance with respect to the timing of PBM and its potential effects on muscle strengths in concert with anaerobic exercise.
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