Ms. Samantha Schmitt Profile

Samantha Schmitt

at Carnegie Mellon Univ

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Publications (10)

Proceedings Article | 15 March 2023 Presentation + Paper

Monitoring cerebral autoregulation at the respiration rate using near-infrared spectroscopy

N. Kedia, M. Banerjee, D. Acharya, A. Ruesch, J. Yang, S. Schmitt, M. Smith, J. Kainerstorfer

Proceedings Volume 12364, 123640N (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650835

KEYWORDS: Near infrared spectroscopy, Heart, Tunable filters, Signal to noise ratio, Sensors, Frequency response, Spectroscopy

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Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is a mechanism to maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to changes in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), through active vasoconstriction and vasodilation of arterioles in the brain. Dynamic CA is believed to act as a high-pass filter such that only low frequency changes in pressure are counteracted by an active vasculature response. With high frequency oscillations in pressure, such as those that occur at the heart rate (HR), the effects of dynamic CA are absent and changes in CPP are passively transmitted to CBF based on the cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) and compliance (CVC). These changes in CVR/CVC occur with steady-state changes in CA which can be described by Lassen’s curve. However, it is unclear what drives phase differences between pressure and flow at the respiration rate of around 0.2 Hz (12 breaths per minute). Quantifying phase differences at the physiologic respiration rate could be useful to gain a better understanding of the effects of CA and as a potential clinical monitoring tool. In this work, we looked at phase differences between arterial blood pressure (ABP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) measured with invasive pressure sensors, which serve as surrogates for CPP and CBF, to investigate how Arg(ABP)-Arg(ICP) change at the respiration rate as a function of the CPP. We quantify how Arg(ABP)-Arg(ICP) changes with respect to CPP after low-frequency oscillations, respiratory induced oscillations, and with oscillations driven by the heart rate. In each frequency regime, the trends in phase differences between Arg(ABP)-Arg(ICP) are unique with respect to CPP. At the respiration rate, the trends in Arg(ABP)-Arg(ICP) did not completely follow those predicted by a dynamic CA response or by CVC/CVR, thus we believe that there is a combination of effects influencing the phase difference between Arg(ABP)-Arg(ICP) at the respiration frequency. We also explore whether this response could be monitored completely non-invasively using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). We use Arg(ΔHbT)-Arg(ΔHbO) as surrogates for CPP and CBF and see a similar response of phase differences with respect to CPP at the respiration rate.

SPIE Journal Paper | 11 October 2022 Open Access

Using near-infrared spectroscopy and a random forest regressor to estimate intracranial pressure

Filip A. Relander, Alexander Ruesch, Jason Yang, Deepshikha Acharya, Bradley Scammon, Samantha Schmitt, Emily Crane, Matthew Smith, Jana Kainerstorfer

NPh, Vol. 9, Issue 04, 045001, (October 2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.NPh.9.4.045001

KEYWORDS: Near infrared spectroscopy, Feature extraction, Neurophotonics, Machine learning, Electronic filtering, Data modeling, Filtering (signal processing), Blood pressure, Sensors, Brain

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2022 Presentation

Optical methods for non-invasive assessment of cerebral microvascular flow impedance

Jason Yang, Deepshikha Acharya, Bradley Scammon, Samantha Schmitt, Matthew Smith, Jana Kainerstorfer

Proceedings Volume PC11945, PC1194501 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2609917

KEYWORDS: Blood circulation, Near infrared spectroscopy, Modulation, Microfluidics, Blood pressure, Traumatic brain injury, Temporal resolution, Spectroscopy, Resistance, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2020 Presentation

Role of cerebrovascular autoregulation in neurovascular coupling (Conference Presentation)

Deepshikha Acharya, Alexander Ruesch, Jason Yang, Samantha Schmitt, Jana Kainerstorfer, Matthew Smith

Proceedings Volume 11226, 112260Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546760

KEYWORDS: Neurovascular coupling, Brain, Cerebral blood flow, Pathology, Near infrared spectroscopy, Traumatic brain injury, Electroencephalography, Visualization, Spectroscopy, Hemodynamics

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2020 Presentation

Intracranial pressure estimated non-invasively in non-human primates and pediatric critical care (Conference Presentation)

Alexander Ruesch, Samantha Schmitt, Jason Yang, Deepshikha Acharya, Jaskaran Rakkar, Michael Wolf, Michael Mcdowell, Elizabeth Tyler-Kabara, Robert S. Clark, Matthew Smith, Jana Kainerstorfer

Proceedings Volume 11226, 112261J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2546761

KEYWORDS: Traumatic brain injury, Blood pressure, Skull, Transducers, Brain, Tissues, Near infrared spectroscopy, Machine learning, Analytical research, Cerebral blood flow

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Proceedings Article | 11 July 2019 Paper

Diffuse correlation spectroscopy for intracranial pressure estimation through cardiac pulse waveform analysis

Alexander Ruesch, Jason Yang, Deepshikha Acharya, Samantha Schmitt, Deepa Issar, Matthew Smith, Jana Kainerstorfer

Proceedings Volume 11074, 110740Z (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527187

KEYWORDS: Brain, Spectroscopy, Cerebral blood flow, Blood pressure, Machine learning, Traumatic brain injury, Blood circulation

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Frequency dependent hemodynamic response to intracranial pressure changes

Alexander Ruesch, Jason Yang, Samantha Nelson, Matthew Smith, Jana Kainerstorfer

Proceedings Volume 10874, 108741E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510113

KEYWORDS: Hemodynamics, Near infrared spectroscopy, Brain, Blood circulation, Blood, Diffusion, Blood pressure

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Proceedings Article | 15 March 2018 Presentation

Combined NIRS and DCS measurements of cerebral hemodynamics during intracranial and blood pressure changes (Conference Presentation)

Alexander Ruesch, Samantha Schmitt, Matthew Smith, Jana Kainerstorfer

Proceedings Volume 10493, 104930H (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2300031

KEYWORDS: Blood pressure, Near infrared spectroscopy, Hemodynamics, Blood circulation, Brain mapping, Traumatic brain injury, Cerebral blood flow, Microfluidics, Sensors, Brain

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2017 Paper

Mapping in-vivo optic nerve head strains caused by intraocular and intracranial pressures

H. Tran, J. Grimm, B. Wang, M. Smith, A. Gogola, S. Nelson, E. Tyler-Kabara, J. Schuman, G. Wollstein, I. Sigal

Proceedings Volume 10067, 100670B (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2257360

KEYWORDS: In vivo imaging, Optical coherence tomography, Elastography, Eye, Image analysis, Tissues, Optic nerve, Head, Detection and tracking algorithms, Image registration, Biomechanics, Digital image correlation, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2017 Paper

Correlation between cerebral hemodynamic and perfusion pressure changes in non-human primates

A. Ruesch, M. Smith, G. Wollstein, I. Sigal, S. Nelson, J. Kainerstorfer

Proceedings Volume 10059, 100591P (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2252550

KEYWORDS: Near infrared spectroscopy, Hemodynamics, Brain, Blood, Blood pressure, Optical spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Blood circulation, Oxygen, Tissues, Data modeling, Blood vessels

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Showing 5 of 10 publications

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