Dr. Sarath Vijayan Profile

Dr. Sarath Vijayan

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Publications (13)

Proceedings Article | 9 March 2018 Paper

Calculation of forward scatter dose distribution at the skin entrance from the patient table for fluoroscopically guided interventions using a pencil beam convolution kernel

Sarath Vijayan, Zhenyu Xiong, Chao Guo, Jonathan Troville, Naveed Islam, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 10573, 1057363 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2294920

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Convolution, Skin, Monte Carlo methods, Polymethylmethacrylate, Aluminum, Point spread functions, Attenuators, Calibration

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The forward-scatter dose distribution generated by the patient table during fluoroscopic interventions and its contribution to the skin dose is studied. The forward-scatter dose distribution to skin generated by a water table-equivalent phantom and the patient table are calculated using EGSnrc Monte-Carlo and Gafchromic film as a function of x-ray field size and beam penetrability. Forward scatter point spread function’s (PSFn) were generated with EGSnrc from a 1×1 mm simulated primary pencil beam incident on the water model and patient table. The forward-scatter point spread function normalized to the primary is convolved over the primary-dose distribution to generate scatter-dose distributions. The utility of PSFn to calculate the entrance skin dose distribution using DTS (dose tracking system) software is investigated. The forward-scatter distribution calculations were performed for 2.32 mm, 3.10 mm, 3.84 mm and 4.24 mm Al HVL x-ray beams for 5×5 cm, 9×9 cm, 13.5×13.5 cm sized x-ray fields for water and 3.1 mm Al HVL x-ray beam for 16.5×16.5 cm field for the patient table. The skin dose is determined with DTS by convolution of the scatter dose PSFn’s and with Gafchromic film under PMMA “patient-simulating” blocks for uniform and for shaped x-ray fields. The normalized forward-scatter distribution determined using the convolution method for water table-equivalent phantom agreed with that calculated for the full field using EGSnrc within ±6%. The normalized forwardscatter dose distribution calculated for the patient table for a 16.5×16.5 cm FOV, agreed with that determined using film within ±2.4%. For the homogenous PMMA phantom, the skin dose using DTS was calculated within ±2 % of that measured with the film for both uniform and non-uniform x-ray fields. The convolution method provides improved accuracy over using a single forward-scatter value over the entire field and is a faster alternative to performing full-field Monte-Carlo calculations.

Proceedings Article | 9 March 2018 Paper

Investigation of organ dose variation with adult head size and pediatric age for neuro-interventional projections

Zhenyu Xiong, Sarath Vijayan, Chao Guo, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 10573, 105734D (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293958

KEYWORDS: Head, Brain, Eye, Monte Carlo methods, X-rays, Spinal cord, Neuroimaging, Bone, Aluminum, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2018 Paper

Developing a database of 3D scattered radiation distributions for a C-arm fluoroscope as a function of exposure parameters and phantom

Chao Guo, Zhenyu Xiong, Sarath Vijayan, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 10573, 1057360 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293788

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Databases, Beam shaping, Scattering, Computer simulations, Medical research, Radiology, Photons, Optical simulations, Skin

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 August 2017

Assessment of organ and effective dose when using region-of-interest attenuators in cone-beam CT and interventional fluoroscopy

Zhenyu Xiong, Sarath Vijayan, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

JMI, Vol. 4, Issue 03, 031210, (August 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.4.3.031210

KEYWORDS: Attenuators, Monte Carlo methods, Optical simulations, X-rays, Copper, Fluoroscopy, Computed tomography, Eye, Head, Computer simulations

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SPIE Journal Paper | 14 June 2017

Calculation of the entrance skin dose distribution for fluoroscopically guided interventions using a pencil beam backscatter model

Sarath Vijayan, Zhenyu Xiong, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

JMI, Vol. 4, Issue 03, 031203, (June 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.4.3.031203

KEYWORDS: Backscatter, Skin, Convolution, Monte Carlo methods, Point spread functions, X-rays, Attenuators, Head

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Paper

Comparison of high resolution x-ray detectors with conventional FPDs using experimental MTFs and apodized aperture pixel design for reduced aliasing

A. Shankar, M. Russ, S. Vijayan, D. Bednarek, S. Rudin

Proceedings Volume 10132, 101323Z (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254402

KEYWORDS: Modulation transfer functions, Sensors, Image resolution, Sinc filters, X-ray detectors, X ray detectors, Signal processing, Electronic filtering, Point spread functions, Spatial frequencies, Medical imaging, Charge-coupled devices

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Paper

Monte Carlo investigation of backscatter point spread function for x-ray imaging examinations

Zhenyu Xiong, Sarath Vijayan, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 10132, 1013243 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254064

KEYWORDS: Head, Natural surfaces, Convolution, Backscatter, Point spread functions, X-rays, Bone, Monte Carlo methods, Skin, X-ray imaging, Tissues, Diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Presentation + Paper

Skin dose mapping for non-uniform x-ray fields using a backscatter point spread function

Sarath Vijayan, Zhenyu Xiong, Alok Shankar, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 10132, 101320U (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254257

KEYWORDS: Visualization, Backscatter, Point spread functions, Skin, X-rays, Attenuators, Convolution, Beam shaping, Head, Polymethylmethacrylate

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Paper

Organ and effective dose reduction for region-of-interest (ROI) CBCT and fluoroscopy

Zhenyu Xiong, Sarath Vijayan, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 10132, 1013242 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254061

KEYWORDS: Fluoroscopy, Attenuators, Monte Carlo methods, Head, Systems modeling, Radiation dosimetry, X-ray imaging, X-rays, Optical simulations, Image quality

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2016 Paper

A system to track skin dose for neuro-interventional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Sarath Vijayan, Zhenyu Xiong, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 9783, 97832X (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216931

KEYWORDS: Skin, Backscatter, Computed tomography, Cones, Visualization, Computing systems, Collimation, Head, Radiation dosimetry, Collimators, X-rays, 3D modeling, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 29 March 2016 Paper

Integration of kerma-area product and cumulative air kerma determination into a skin dose tracking system for fluoroscopic imaging procedures

Sarath Vijayan, Alok Shankar, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 9783, 97836G (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216822

KEYWORDS: Skin, Imaging systems, Ionization, X-rays, Visualization, Collimators, Calibration, Nonuniformity corrections, Fluoroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 22 March 2016 Paper

Lens of the eye dose calculation for neuro-interventional procedures and CBCT scans of the head

Zhenyu Xiong, Sarath Vijayan, Vijay Rana, Amit Jain, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 9783, 97832V (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216504

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Head, Eye, Computer simulations, X-rays, Ionization, Radiation dosimetry, Neuroimaging, Bone, Skin, Computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

Incorporating corrections for the head-holder and compensation filter when calculating skin dose during fluoroscopically guided interventions

Sarath Vijayan, Vijay Rana, Stephen Rudin, Daniel Bednarek

Proceedings Volume 9412, 94122I (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082292

KEYWORDS: Head, Signal attenuation, Skin, Visualization, Optical filters, Copper, Imaging systems, X-rays, Electronic filtering, Image filtering

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Showing 5 of 13 publications

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