The patterns of seasonal and long-term variability of phytoplankton in the Caspian Sea have been studied using SeaWiFS and MODIS-Aqua data. Chlorophyll "a" concentrations (CHL) in the Caspian Sea were calculated by the regional algorithm developed using an array of in situ measurements in different seasons of the year. Maps of the average monthly CHL values over a twenty-two-year period and seasonal variability diagrams were constructed for the Northern, Middle and Southern Caspian Sea. The features of seasonal variability of phytoplankton are analyzed using CHL data. The fundamental differences were mentioned in seasonal variability of phytoplankton in the Northern, Caspian Middle and Southern Caspian. The regularities of the spatial dynamics of CHL throughout the sea have been studied according to seasonal succession of phytoplankton. The years with significant deviations of the seasonal dynamics of CHL from the average climatic one were identified.
Regional features of seasonal variability of phytoplankton in the Black Sea have been studied by use of the MODIS data. Verification of satellite data was carried out using an array of contact measurements of chlorophyll in different seasons of the year. Maps of the average monthly values of chlorophyll and PIC (particulate inorganic carbon) over a twenty-year period and diagrams of their seasonal variability were constructed for local waters of the Black Sea. At least four types of seasonal variability have been identified, which are determined by a combination of climatic, local hydrological and anthropogenic factors.
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