In the transient high-speed measurement scene, time-stretched dispersion Fourier transform technology is presented as an effective solution to reduce the bandwidth limit of electrical digital-to-analog conversion devices, which can realize the mapping from frequency domain to time domain by introducing sufficient amount of group time delay by dispersion elements, such as single-mode fibers. However, the introduction of long-distance single-mode fiber greatly reduce the intensity of optical signal. In our work, we introduce the Gerchberg-Saxton phase recovery algorithm into the velocity signal analysis to recover the interference signal from the two sufficient diversities incompletely stretched temporal envelope. The two envelopes are stretched by L1=10 km and L2=15 km single-mode fiber, which recorded with the dispersion D1=180 ps/nm and D2=270 ps/nm respectively. With the additional iterations, the phase error and magnitude tend to be stable, which are both below 0.3. We also compare the error of the algorithm under different dispersion ratios D(=D1/D2). The results show that the demodulated error will be affected by the change of the value of D. Our work lays a foundation for the subsequent debugging of the time-stretched photon Doppler velocimetry system, and also provides support for transient high-speed measurement.
Recently, the nonlinear multimodal interference-based all fiber saturable absorber has been the focus of attention on ultrafast fiber lasers, owing to its intriguing properties of versatility, high damage threshold and instantaneous response time. Although, challenges present in the technology, such as complex perturbation induced by quasi-degenerate modes in multimode fiber, it is presented as an effective solution to control the output characterization and study the nonlinear dynamics in fiber lasers. In this work, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate the spectral sidebands in a passively Er-doped fiber laser based on multimodal interference technique. Kelly-type and triangular-type sidebands are achieved, and can be switchable by changing the polarization states of cavity, which are asymmetric distribution on both sides of the output spectrum. When the polarization states are varied, a wide sideband is obtained, which the width of sideband can be tuned from 0.13 nm to 2.3 nm. Coupled complex Ginzburg-Landau equation are provided to reveal the underlying principles of the tunable features in sidebands. The results of numerical simulation show the relevance between filtering induced by modal interference, high-order dispersion, polarization modal dispersion and experimental results. Our work lays a foundation for understanding of nonlinear dynamics in mode locking fiber lasers based on multimodal interference effect and provides a new way to generating versatile ultrafast source in engineering and scientific research.
Based on PbS quantum dots and single-walled carbon nanotube, we have successfully demonstrated a Er-doped fiber laser capable of switching between two different types of output pulses. By finely adjusting both the pump power and the states of polarization controller, flexible switchable Q-switched and mode-locked pulses can be achieved. At pump power of 29 mW, Q-switched pulses are obtained at a central wavelength of 1560.2 nm. When the pump power increases from 29 mW to 92 mW, the Q-switched rate varies from 25 kHz to 75.22 kHz. Accordingly, the output pulse energy rises from 3 nJ to 5.46 nJ, and the output power changes from 0.08 mW to 0.41 mW. When the pump power is set in the ranges of 92 mW to 107 mW, the fiber laser enters the transition region of Q-switching operation. In this region, evident Q-switched instability with large fluctuations is observed, which is independent of the polarization states. When the laser pump power exceeds 107 mW, the Q-switched pulse disappears, and mode-locked pulses are obtained by altering the state of the polarization controller. The central wavelength of the mode-locked pulses output spectrum is 1561.1 nm, and the corresponding 3 dB spectral bandwidth is 4.22 nm. Coupled Ginzburg-Landau equation are provided to reveal the underlying principles of the transition of these pulse trains. Our work provides a new prospect for achieving fiber lasers capable of flexibly switching output pulse types, further expanding their applications in fields such as laser microprocessing, optical communication and medical lasers.
High order axially symmetric polarized beams (ASPBs) can create multiple focused spots under tight focusing conditions, and thus have been highly recommended for optical manipulation, but the feasible experiments have never been demonstrated. Cells trapping and manipulation based on optical tweezers using high order ASPBs are presented theoretically and experimentally to verify its feasibility and effectiveness. The focused intensities and corresponding gradient forces for high order ASPBs are first analyzed and calculated if two kinds of particles are trapped respectively based on the electromagnetic theory. Then an optical tweezers based on an inverted microscopy using high order ASPBs is built up, and the yeast cells (~10μm) are trapped and manipulated to shift and rotate using two kinds of ASPBs with P=1 and P=3. One yeast cell is stably trapped and shifted with a speed about 40μm/s and four yeast cells are trapped and rotated simultaneously with a rotation speed about 45°/s, which can also be further modulated and the track of the focusing spot can be programmed by computer. Finally, the optical trap stiffnesses are calculated theoretically using the Boltzmann statistics method and further measured experimentally when the filling factors of the objective lens are 0.50, 0.80 and 1.00 respectively and three microcopy objective lenses with numerical apertures 0.40, 0.65 and 0.85 are used, and the measured results agree well with the calculated results, which shows the trapping performances can be flexibly modulated by setting the system parameters and provides some novel choices for optical manipulations. All these findings benefit the expansion of the practical applications of vector beam OTs in some fields, especially in the field of biomedicine.
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