Optical materials in the optical printed circuit board are required to overcome soldering process. In detail, the material
should not have absorption and shape changes after several tens of seconds heating at around 250°C. For such
application field, we have developed a novel organic-inorganic hybrid material having a high thermal stability and low
absorption at telecom wavelength.
The material is designed to UV and/or Thermal curable resin, and soluble to popular organic solvents. We fabricated a
rigid optical waveguides on a SiO2/Si wafers by UV lithography. The size of waveguide was 40 μm in width, 30 μm in
height, and 7 cm in length. Optical attenuation of the waveguide measured by the cut back method was 0.1 dB/cm at 850
nm, 0.29 dB/cm at 1310 nm, and 0.45 dB/cm at 1550 nm. These values are good low attenuation for the Near-IR optical
communication. The 5% weight loss temperature of the UV cured material was 402°C. The waveguide showed almost no
attenuation increase even after 1min heating at 300°C.
In addition, the material is having a high refractive index of n=1.60 at 633 nm and a low curing shrinkage of 4.7%. We
have demonstrated to fabricate a bulk body sample by UV curing, and obtained high uniformity cured materials with 5
mm-thick and 1 cm-diameter.
From these properties, the developed organic-inorganic material is expected to be beneficial for the optical
interconnection such as micro lenses and optical packages.
The purpose of this study is to develop an automated method without user interaction for the optimal placing of ROI for
selecting optimal data acquisition window in coronary MRA. One of the major problems of magnetic resonance coronary
angiography (MRCA) is the effective suppression of coronary motion due to respiration and cardiac contraction. To
compensate for cardiac movement, data acquisition is generally limited to the coronary artery rest period mainly found
during end-diastole. End-diastole is called cardiac rest period. Generally, cardiac rest period is decided by operator.
Therefore it is subjective, and requires many experiences. As for setting region of interest right coronary is known as an
appropriate region for determining cardiac rest period. We proposed a method that is based on the extraction of intensive
change regions and the calculation of the correlation coefficient. We tested the algorithm for two sets of clinical MR
images and the results are shown.
Recently, Nissan Chemical Industries, LTD, developed the photo-induced refractive index variation sol-gel materials, in
which the refractive index increases from 1.65 to 1.85 by ultra-violet (UV) light exposure and baking. The materials
enable us to fabricate high-index-contract waveguides without developing/etching processes and strong-lightconfinement
self-organized lightwave network (SOLNET). Therefore, the materials are expected promising for nanoscale
optical circuits with self-alignment capability. Nano-scale optical circuits with core thickness of ~230 nm and core
width of ~1 μm were fabricated. Propagation loss was 1.86 dB/cm for TE mode and 1.89 dB/cm for TM mode at 633
nm in wavelength, indicating that there were small polarization dependences. Spot sizes of guided beams along core
width direction and along core thickness direction were respectively 0.6 μm and 0.3 μm for both TE and TM mode.
Bending loss of S-bending waveguides was reduced from 0.44 dB to 0.24 dB for TE mode with increasing the bending
curvature radius from 5 μm to 60 μm. Difference in bending loss between TM and TE mode was less than 10%.
Branching loss of Y-branching waveguides was reduced from 1.33 dB to 0.08 dB for TE mode, and from 1.34 dB to
0.12 dB for TM mode with decreasing the branching angle from 80° to 20°. These results indicate that the photoinduced
refractive index variation sol-gel materials can realize miniaturized optical circuits with sizes of several tens
μm and guided beam confinement within a cross-section area less than 1.0 μm2 with small polarization dependences,
suggesting potential applications to intra-chip optical interconnects. In addtion, we fabricated self-organized lightwave
network (SOLNET) using the photo-induced refractive index variation sol-gel materials. When write beams of 405 nm
in wavelength were introduced into the sol-gel thin film under baking at 200°C, self-focusing was induced, and
SOLNET was formed. SOLNET fabricated by low write beam intensity exhibited strong light confinement.
Furthermore, SOLNET was found to be drawn automatically to reflective portion such as a defect and a silver paste
droplet in the sol-gel thin film during SOLNET formation, indicating that reflective SOLNET is formed. The results
suggest that the photo-induced refractive index variation sol-gel materials can provide self-alignment capability to the
nano-scale optical circuits.
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