Dr. Xiaolong Liu Profile

Dr. Xiaolong Liu

at Univ of Tennessee Knoxville

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SPIE Journal Paper | 9 December 2017 Open Access

Optical design of an in vivo laparoscopic lighting system

Xiaolong Liu, Reza Yazdanpanah Abdolmalaki, Gregory Mancini, Jindong Tan

JBO, Vol. 22, Issue 12, 125003, (December 2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.22.12.125003

KEYWORDS: Light sources and illumination, Freeform optics, Laparoscopy, In vivo imaging, Light emitting diodes, Optical design, Lens design, Cameras, Ray tracing, Geometrical optics

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This paper proposes an in vivo laparoscopic lighting system design to address the illumination issues, namely poor lighting uniformity and low optical efficiency, existing in the state-of-the-art in vivo laparoscopic cameras. The transformable design of the laparoscopic lighting system is capable of carrying purposefully designed freeform optical lenses for achieving lighting performance with high illuminance uniformity and high optical efficiency in a desired target region. To design freeform optical lenses for extended light sources such as LEDs with Lambertian light intensity distributions, we present an effective and complete freeform optical design method. The procedures include (1) ray map computation by numerically solving a standard Monge–Ampere equation; (2) initial freeform optical surface construction by using Snell’s law and a lens volume restriction; (3) correction of surface normal vectors due to accumulated errors from the initially constructed surfaces; and (4) feedback modification of the solution to deal with degraded illuminance uniformity caused by the extended sizes of the LEDs. We employed an optical design software package to evaluate the performance of our laparoscopic lighting system design. The simulation results show that our design achieves greater than 95% illuminance uniformity and greater than 89% optical efficiency (considering Fresnel losses) for illuminating the target surgical region.

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