Color filters and spectroscopes are two key components in an optical system. With the prevalence and miniaturization of
liquid crystal displays (LCD), complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors and light emitting
diodes (LED), current research on color filters and spectroscopes is focused on designing a novel component with high
efficiency, low power consumption and slim dimension, which poses great challenges to the traditional colorant filtering
and prism-based spectrum splitting techniques. In this context, surface plasmon-based nanostructures are attractive due
to their small dimensions and the ability of efficient light manipulation. Here we use selective conversion between the
free-space waves and spatially confined modes in plasmonic nano-resonators formed by the subwavelength metal-insulator-
metal stack arrays to show that the transmission spectra through such arrays can be well controlled by using
simple design rules, and high efficiency color filters capable of transmitting arbitrary colors can be achieved. These
artificial nanostructures provide an approach for high spatial resolution color filtering and spectral imaging with
extremely compact device architectures.
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