Laser ultrasonics, a nondestructive test method (NDT), is more and more applied in industrial fields such as crack
detection in metal and nonmetallic materials, and size measurement and welded joint examination. According to the
thermoelastic theory, a finite element model for laser-generated surface waves on the elastic cylinder material is built
and an experimental installation using laser interferometer as the ultrasonic wave receiver is set up to verify the
numerical results. By changing the relative distance between the laser source and the surface notch in the computation,
the scanning procedure is simulated. The corresponding varieties of amplitudes of the surface waves, which propagate
circumferentially on the cylinder material, are presented and the physical mechanisms are analyzed. The influence of the
depth of the surface notch is also discussed. The results demonstrate the SLS technique can be applied to detect tiny
crack whose depth is smaller than the wavelength of the SAW.
KEYWORDS: Acoustics, Monte Carlo methods, Signal detection, Sensors, Ultrasonics, Prisms, Laser systems engineering, Pulsed laser operation, Beam splitters, Spatial resolution
As the application of the laser ultrasonics developed rapidly, there is especial call for more sensitive and convenient
optical installation to detect the ultrasonic waves induced by pulsed laser. The optical beam deflection (OBD) methods
have abstracted the interest of people for many years for their merits over the interference method. In this paper a novel
differential OBD detection system for measuring laser-generated surface acoustic waves (SAW) is presented. The
detection principle of this optical system is discussed in detail according to the scheme. And we get the linear relation
between the physical parameter of the SAW and the output of the detection system. For confirm the conclusion the
Monte Carlo computation method is utilized to simulate the ray propagation in the system, adding the consideration of
the light spot distribution of the detection laser. The numerical result agrees with the analytic method. The linear relation
between the detection system output current and the deflection angle induced by SAW is validated. Furthermore, the
sensitivity and the spatial resolution of the system proposed are also calculated for comparing with the other OBD
methods. The results show that this differential optical beam deflection detection system is more sensitive to the small
disturbance and has higher space resolution. It has considerable potential in ultrasonic measurement.
Nondestructive and non-contact detection methods of surface defects of the elastic cylinders are urgently needed
especially for the extensive application of such structure in the manufacture and daily life. In recent years there has been
an increasing focus on laser ultrasonics, a novel technique in nondestructive evaluation, which can excite and receive
high frequency ultrasonic waves from distance range in thermoelastic regime. This paper utilized the finite element
method to investigate the transient mode conversion of circumferential guide waves by the surface crack of cylinder. The
numerical model of the ultrasonic waves generated on aluminum cylinder whose diameter is 10mm by pulsed laser is
established, considering the dependence of the material parameters on the temperature varying. The depth of the surface
crack varies from 100 μm to 1 mm, which is much less comparing with the wavelength of the circumferential guide
waves. The numerical results obtained from finite element model are presented in terms of vertical displacement, which
is generated because of the localized temperature gradient on the surface. And the signals of the circumferential guide
waves are analyzed by wavelet transformation. From the obtained results we can see that the amplitude of the scattered
waves induced by the crack become more and more obvious as the depth of the crack increases and the time-frequency
distributions of the scattered waves also change obviously. The results demonstrate the propagation of the
circumferential guide waves on the surface of the cylinder can be applied in crack detection well.
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