Resolving sub-pixel area information extraction has gained increasing attention in the remote sensing community.
Automated morphological endmember extraction (AMEE) which integrates spatial and spectral information to select
endmembers, is able to provide a relatively good characterization of general landscape conditions. As tradition support
vector machine (SVM) predicts only class label, in order to obtain the abundance fractions of targets of interest, SVM
method can be combined with pairwise coupling. This paper describes a model which combines SVM approach and
AMEE algorithm. One of the main advantages of using this model is that it performs automatic sub-pixel information
detection. At last, simulated and real Landsat TM data are used to demonstrate the potential of this approach.
Guangzhou city with a large population and urban size located in the Pearl River delta, Guang Dong province, China, was chosen to study the effect of urban heat island and its spatial expansion. The land surface temperature was analyzed and divided into 7 ranges by a temperature separation method based on statistical results. In the case of urban area, it was composed by three parts: downtown and old built-up areas with high-density buildings and dwellings, new built-up areas and developing site. Along with the city development, the developing site will become to be new built-up areas and the formerly new built-up areas will become to be the downtown and old built-up areas. These three parts stand for different stages of a city. By temperature partition using the standard deviation, we can commendably find the corresponding ground covers, and three parts of the city are properly within three surface temperature ranges. Based on this, the thermal remote sensing image can be used to detect the developing stage of the built-up areas in a city. Temperature comparison of different land covers was also analyzed and showed a great difference between them. The white soil is almost 3 degrees higher than the urban area, while the water is more than 5 degree cooler than it.
KEYWORDS: Remote sensing, Geographic information systems, Agriculture, Industrial chemicals, Solids, Spatial analysis, Control systems, Image quality, Chemical analysis, Water
The Pearl River Delta of Guangdong province in China is one of the world’s largest growths in urbanization for the past 20 years. The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between urbanization and water quality in this area. Present and past remote sensing data including MSS< TM/ETM and ASTER are used to research the urbanization and its impact on water quality. Land use and water quality information are extracted from remote sensing data. Data of population, industrial and agricultural productivity indices are integrated with the thematic maps derived from remote sensing data by GIS method. Spatial analysis methods are applied on these data and the results indicate that population, waste water both from household and industrial and chemical fertilizer consumptions are main controls of the regional water quality and environment.
The objective of this research is to explore a precise and fast way of water quality monitor. Water quality change in 1988 and 1996 are detected by remote sensing. One scene TM image in winter of 1996 was acquired and simultaneous in situ measurement, sampling and analysis were performed. Main methods include radiometric calibration of TM remote sensor, atmospheric correction to image data and model construction. The results indicate that satellite-based estimates and in situ measured water reflectance have very high correlation, and the root mean square difference between two kinds of indexes are close to 0.02-0.03 for each TM band in VI-NIR range. Quantity relationship between calibrated image data (average of 5x5 pixels) of TM bands and laboratory analyzed data of water samples indicated reflectance of TM band 1 to band 4 and organic pollution measurements such as TOC, BOD and COD had higher correlation. The same scene TM data in the same season of 1988 was processed in the same procedure. Results indicate water quality of most reservoirs has become worse. Water of eastern reservoirs near Dongjiang River is characterized with higher TOC and TSS, and water of western reservoirs is characterized with higher BOD and COD.
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