Considering potential negative impacts on the scanner, such as the shortened life duration of scanner optical components due to increased pulse energy, from conventional scaling, not only the increase in Repetition Rate (RR) but also reduction of effects on optical components need to be addressed. Furthermore, for improvement in EPE, apart from high RR scaling and minimizing optical component impacts, reduction in Line Width Roughness (LWR) and Line Edge Roughness (LER) caused by speckle is also put into account.
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