Dr. B. Martin Levine Profile

Dr. B. Martin Levine

Visiting Scientist at Technion-Israel Institute of Technology

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (38)

Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

Phasing a sparse telescope

Erez Ribak, B. Levine, E. Behar

Proceedings Volume 11443, 1144342 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559444

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Space telescopes, Astronomical imaging, Space operations, Metrology, Wavefront sensors, Image sensors, Algorithms, Image segmentation, Actuators

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Poster + Paper

Shaping apertures and masking

Erez Ribak, B. Levine

Proceedings Volume 11446, 114462Q (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559445

KEYWORDS: Optical instrument design, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Chemical elements, Light scattering, Manufacturing, Point spread functions, Error analysis, Optical testing

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2018 Paper

The gamma-ray transient monitor for ISS-TAO: new directional capabilities

Lee Yacobi, Reuven Abramov, Nachman Lupu, Alex Vdovin, Avner Kaidar, Roi Rahin, Amir Feigenboim, B. Martin Levine, Alon Osovizky, Jordan Camp, Shlomit Tarem, Ehud Behar

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106995U (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2316347

KEYWORDS: Spatial resolution, Stars, X-rays, Monte Carlo methods, Scattering, Image segmentation

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2012 Paper

PICTURE: a sounding rocket experiment for direct imaging of an extrasolar planetary environment

Christopher Mendillo, Brian Hicks, Timothy Cook, Thomas Bifano, David Content, Benjamin Lane, B. Martin Levine, Douglas Rabin, Shanti Rao, Rocco Samuele, Edouard Schmidtlin, Michael Shao, J. Kent Wallace, Supriya Chakrabarti

Proceedings Volume 8442, 84420E (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.926408

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Nulling interferometry, Mirrors, Calibration, Cameras, Space telescopes, National Ignition Facility, Interferometers, Rockets, Ferroelectric materials

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Proceedings Article | 6 August 2010 Paper

Optical design of dilute aperture visible nulling coronagraph imaging (DAViNCI)

Robert Woodruff, Michael Shao, B. Martin Levine, Richard Lyon, Gopal Vasudevan, Jun Acu, Keith Havey, Jeff Wynn

Proceedings Volume 7731, 77312A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857711

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Spectrometers, Imaging systems, Mirrors, Space telescopes, Staring arrays, Prisms, Planets, Interferometers, Nulling interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 2009 Paper

Athermalized embedding of actuators in cryogenic mirrors

Craig Hom, Gopal Vasudevan, Mark Sullivan, B. Martin Levine

Proceedings Volume 7439, 743911 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.826650

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Mirrors, Cryogenics, Ferroelectric materials, Silicon carbide, Distortion, Tungsten, Manufacturing, Temperature metrology, Deformable mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

DAVINCI, a diluter aperture visible nulling coronagraphic instrument

M. Shao, S. Bairstow, B. Martin Levine, Gautam Vasisht, Benjamin Lane, Gopal Vasudevan, Robert Woodruff, Rocco Samuele, Jeffrey Wynn, Mark Clampin, Richard Lyon, Olivier Guyon

Proceedings Volume 7013, 70132T (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789767

KEYWORDS: Stars, Telescopes, Planets, Coronagraphy, Space telescopes, Interferometers, Nulling interferometry, Space operations, Oxygen, Jupiter

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Post-coronagraph wavefront sensor for Gemini Planet Imager

J. Kent Wallace, John Angione, Randall Bartos, Paul Best, Rick Burruss, Felipe Fregoso, B. Martin Levine, Bijan Nemati, Michael Shao, Chris Shelton

Proceedings Volume 7015, 70156N (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.787258

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Calibration, Sensors, Gemini Planet Imager, Wavefronts, Coronagraphy, Stars, Beam splitters, Adaptive optics, Image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2008 Paper

Path length control in a nulling coronagraph with a MEMS deformable mirror and a calibration interferometer

Shanti Rao, J. Kent Wallace, Rocco Samuele, Supriya Chakrabarti, Timothy Cook, Brian Hicks, Paul Jung, Benjamin Lane, B. Martin Levine, Chris Mendillo, Edouard Schmidtlin, Mike Shao, Jason Stewart

Proceedings Volume 6888, 68880B (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.763652

KEYWORDS: Nulling interferometry, Calibration, Targeting Task Performance metric, Interferometers, Mirrors, Actuators, Coronagraphy, Deformable mirrors, Cameras, Microelectromechanical systems

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2006 Paper

Extrasolar planetary imaging coronagraph (EPIC)

Mark Clampin, Gary Melnick, Richard Lyon, Scott Kenyon, Dimitar Sasselov, Volker Tolls, Holland Ford, David Golimowski, Larry Petro, George Hartig, William Sparks, Garth Illingworth, Doug Lin, Sara Seager, Alycia Weinberger, Martin Harwit, Mark Marley, Jean Schneider, Michael Shao, Marty Levine, Jian Ge, Robert Woodruff

Proceedings Volume 6265, 62651B (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672849

KEYWORDS: Planets, Wavefronts, Nulling interferometry, Coronagraphy, Stars, Space telescopes, Point spread functions, Telescopes, Atmospheric physics, Atmospheric sensing

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 2006 Paper

Post-coronagraph wavefront sensing for the TMT Planet Formation Imager

G. Vasisht, I. Crossfield, P. Dumont, B. Levine, M. Troy, M. Shao, J. Shelton, J. Wallace

Proceedings Volume 6272, 627253 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672571

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Signal to noise ratio, Wavefronts, Decision support systems, Sensors, Nulling interferometry, Homodyne detection, Planets, Coronagraphy, Spatial frequencies

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Proceedings Article | 27 June 2006 Paper

Extreme adaptive optics for the Thirty Meter Telescope

Bruce Macintosh, Mitchell Troy, Rene Doyon, James Graham, Kevin Baker, Brian Bauman, Christian Marois, David Palmer, Donald Phillion, Lisa Poyneer, Ian Crossfield, Philip Dumont, B. Marty Levine, Michael Shao, Gene Serabyn, Chris Shelton, Gautum Vasisht, James Wallace, Jean-Francois Lavigne, Philippe Valee, Neil Rowlands, Ken Tam, Daniel Hackett

Proceedings Volume 6272, 62720N (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672032

KEYWORDS: Planets, Adaptive optics, Nulling interferometry, Stars, Telescopes, Wavefront sensors, Sensors, Point spread functions, Wavefronts, Thirty Meter Telescope

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 2006 Paper

The visible nulling coronagraph: architecture definition and technology development status

B. Levine, Francisco Aguayo, Thomas Bifano, S. Fregoso, Joseph Green, Benjamin Lane, Duncan Liu, Bertrand Mennesson, Shanti Rao, Rocco Samuele, Michael Shao, Edouard Schmidtlin, Eugene Serabyn, Jason Stewart, J. Wallace

Proceedings Volume 6265, 62651A (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672736

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Actuators, Prisms, Interferometers, Coronagraphy, Planets, Nulling interferometry, Telescopes, Deformable mirrors, Wavefronts

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

A nulling coronagraph for TPF-C

Michael Shao, Bruce Levine, James Wallace, Glenn Orton, Edouard Schmidtlin, Benjamin Lane, Sara Seager, Volker Tolls, Richard Lyon, Rocco Samuele, Domenick Tenerelli, Robert Woodruff, Jian Ge

Proceedings Volume 6265, 626517 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.671934

KEYWORDS: Coronagraphy, Planets, Interferometers, Stars, Nulling interferometry, Optical fibers, Calibration, Wavefronts, Telescopes, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 23 January 2006 Paper

Design and development of a 329-segment tip-tilt piston mirror array for space-based adaptive optics

Jason Stewart, Thomas Bifano, Paul Bierden, Steven Cornelissen, Timothy Cook, B. Martin Levine

Proceedings Volume 6113, 61130O (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.651373

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Actuators, Coronagraphy, Electromechanical design, Polishing, Microelectromechanical systems, Surface roughness, Planets, Silicon, Oxides

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Proceedings Article | 22 January 2005 Paper

Piezoelectric unimorph MEMS deformable mirror for ultra-large telescopes

Yoshikazu Hishinuma, Eui-Hyeok Yang, Bruce Levine, Eric Bloemhof

Proceedings Volume 5717, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.591275

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Deformable mirrors, Mirrors, Silicon, Ferroelectric materials, Wavefronts, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Planets, Nulling interferometry

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Proceedings Article | 12 October 2004 Paper

Visible nulling interferometer

Michael Shao, James Wallace, B. Levine, Duncan Liu

Proceedings Volume 5487, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552527

KEYWORDS: Planets, Nulling interferometry, Interferometers, Telescopes, Coronagraphy, Stars, Space telescopes, Mirrors, Phase shifts, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 2003 Paper

Design and fabrication of a coherent array of single-mode optical fibers for the nulling coronagraph

Duncan Liu, Bruce Levine, Michael Shao

Proceedings Volume 5170, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.508070

KEYWORDS: Single mode fibers, Spatial filters, Interferometers, Wavefronts, Tolerancing, Optical arrays, Mirrors, Cladding, Fiber couplers, Polishing

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 2003 Paper

Planet detection in visible light with a single aperture telescope and nulling coronagraph

B. Levine, Michael Shao, Duncan Liu, James Wallace, Benjamin Lane

Proceedings Volume 5170, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.507807

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Planets, Optical fibers, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Nulling interferometry, Coronagraphy, Laser metrology, Stars, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 19 November 2003 Paper

Experimental results from the optical planet detector interferometer

J. Kent Wallace, Mike Shao, Benjamin Lane, Bruce Levine, F. Loya, Alireza Azizi, Buck Holmes, F. Aguayo, J. Negron, G. Sanchez, Robert Gappinger

Proceedings Volume 5170, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.506356

KEYWORDS: Interferometers, Metrology, Glasses, Laser metrology, Polarization, Nulling interferometry, Beam splitters, Sensors, Optical fibers, Planets

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2003 Paper

Optical Planet Discoverer: how to turn a 1.5-m telescope into a powerful exo-planetary systems imager

Bertrand Mennesson, Michael Shao, Bruce Levine, J. Kent Wallace, Duncan Liu, Eugene Serabyn, Stephen Unwin, Charles Beichman

Proceedings Volume 4860, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.457646

KEYWORDS: Planets, Stars, Nulling interferometry, Telescopes, Spectroscopy, Waveguides, Wavefronts, Single mode fibers, Imaging systems, Jupiter

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Proceedings Article | 26 February 2003 Paper

Visible light Terrestrial Planet Finder: planet detection and spectroscopy by nulling interferometry with a single aperture telescope

Bruce Levine, Michael Shao, Charles Beichman, Bertrand Mennesson, Rhonda Morgan, Glenn Orton, Eugene Serabyn, Stephen Unwin, T. Velusamy, Neville Woolf

Proceedings Volume 4852, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.460925

KEYWORDS: Planets, Stars, Interferometers, Telescopes, Nulling interferometry, Space telescopes, Spectroscopy, Jupiter, Visible radiation, Wavefronts

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 March 2002

Adaptive optic correction using micro-electro-mechanical deformable mirrors

Julie Perreault, Thomas Bifano, Bruce Levine, Mark Horenstein

OE, Vol. 41, Issue 03, (March 2002) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.1447230

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Adaptive optics, Actuators, Wavefronts, Deformable mirrors, Optical calibration, Control systems, Imaging systems, Microelectromechanical systems, Silicon

Proceedings Article | 7 July 2000 Paper

Adaptive optics performance criteria for imaging and laser communications systems

Bruce Levine, Allan Wirth, Clive Standley

Proceedings Volume 4007, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.390297

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Imaging systems, Wavefronts, Laser communications, Receivers, Atmospheric turbulence, Optical communications, Telecommunications, Laser systems engineering, Phase measurement

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 1999 Paper

Adaptive optic correction using silicon-based deformable mirros

Julie Perreault, Thomas Bifano, Bruce Levine

Proceedings Volume 3760, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.367582

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Mirrors, Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Deformable mirrors, Silicon, Control systems, Imaging systems, Optical calibration, Optics manufacturing

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 1998 Paper

Measurement error of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor in strong scintillation conditions

Mark Plett, Pierre Barbier, David Rush, Penelope Polak-Dingels, Bruce Levine

Proceedings Volume 3433, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.330219

KEYWORDS: Wavefront sensors, Wavefronts, Adaptive optics, Cameras, Sensors, Scintillation, Atmospheric optics, Computer simulations, Wave propagation, Wireless communications

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Proceedings Article | 3 November 1998 Paper

Active compensation for horizontal-line-of-sight turbulence over near-ground paths

Bruce Levine, Allan Wirth, Herbert DaSilva, Franklin Landers, Stacy Clinton, Theresa Bruno, Pierre Barbier, David Rush, Penelope Polak-Dingels, Geoffrey Burdge, Douglas Looze

Proceedings Volume 3433, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.330220

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Wavefronts, Wavefront sensors, Deformable mirrors, Turbulence, Cameras, Signal processing, Actuators, Transmitters, Receivers

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1997 Paper

Hartmann sensors for optical testing

Robert Zielinski, Bruce Levine, Brian McNeil

Proceedings Volume 3134, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.295142

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Optical testing, Wavefronts, CCD cameras, Interferometry, Relays, Collimators, Optical components, Mirrors, Collimation

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1997 Paper

Schack-Hartmann wavefront sensing measurements of near-ground propagated laser beams

Pierre Barbier, Penelope Polak-Dingels, David Rush, Geoffrey Burdge, Bruce Levine, Elizabeth Martinsen, Allan Wirth, Andrew Jankevics

Proceedings Volume 3125, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.283901

KEYWORDS: Zernike polynomials, Atmospheric propagation, Wavefront sensors, Wave propagation, Laser beam propagation, Wavefronts, Telescopes, Adaptive optics, Laser communications, Atmospheric optics

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Proceedings Article | 23 September 1997 Paper

Horizontal line of sight turbulence over near-ground paths and implications for adaptive optics corrections in laser communications

Bruce Levine, Elizabeth Martinsen, Allan Wirth, Andrew Jankevics, Manuel Toledo-Quinones, Franklin Landers, Theresa Bruno

Proceedings Volume 3125, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.283899

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Wavefront sensors, Turbulence, Wave propagation, Computing systems, Phase shift keying, Scintillation, Wavefronts, Optical calibration, Atmospheric turbulence

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Proceedings Article | 21 March 1997 Paper

Real-time modal control implementation for adaptive optics

Allan Wirth, Joseph Navetta, Bruce Levine

Proceedings Volume 2871, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.269122

KEYWORDS: Adaptive optics, Control systems, Digital signal processing, Real-time computing, Wavefronts, Actuators, Data storage, Process control, Signal processing, Wavefront sensors

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Proceedings Article | 16 August 1994 Paper

Intensity fluctuations in the Compensated Earth-Moon-Earth Laser Link (CEMERLL) experiment

Bruce Levine, Kamran Kiasaleh

Proceedings Volume 2123, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.184667

KEYWORDS: Atmospheric propagation, Photons, Adaptive optics, Turbulence, Laser guide stars, Atmospheric turbulence, Laser beam propagation, Sensors, Telescopes, Speckle pattern

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The objectives of the CEMERLL experiment are to measure the signal enhancement obtained in a two way laser propagation link using laser guidestar adaptive optics from the Earth to the Moon using the Apollo retroreflector arrays, and to predict and verify the resulting signal strength and variability. A theory is presented for the probability density functions of the laser link by combining multiple effects of the: 1) compensated laser uplink through turbulence, 2) reflection from the lunar retroreflector array, 3) passage through turbulence on the downlink, aperture averaging by the receiving telescope, and 4) signal detection with a photovoltaic detector. The most important element in the chain is the uplink propagation, all other effects propagation effects modify only the mean number of photons of this two way link, and do not significantly change the probability density functions of the uplink laser beam. The resulting probability density functions are defined by parameters that include the effective number of scatterers, the average intensities in the specular and diffuse portions of the beam, and the beam jittering effect of using a laser guidestar. Using intensity moments derived from the far field propagation, performance data on the laser guidestar adaptive optics system, and approximations for higher order moments, the parameters of these distributions can be numerically evaluated from experimental conditions. These show a widely diffuse speckle pattern for the uncompensated beam, and a similar shaped but long tailed distribution for the compensated beam. Uncorrected tilt effects cause the well compensated beam to randomly jitter and results in an intensity distribution where there are some 'hits' of high intensity light, but more frequently there is a portion of the beam side lobes which illuminate the corner cube array. A separate tip-tilt correction using either an illuminated lunar feature or the return pulses themselves would mitigate this effect.

Proceedings Article | 31 May 1994 Paper

Development of a low-noise high-frame-rate CCD for adaptive optics

Bruce Levine, James Janesick, J. Shelton

Proceedings Volume 2201, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.176094

KEYWORDS: Optical amplifiers, Charge-coupled devices, Adaptive optics, Electrons, Wavefront sensors, Astronomy, X-rays, Diffusion, Interference (communication), Semiconducting wafers

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1993 Paper

Limits on adaptive optics systems for lightweight space telescopes

Laura Needels, Bruce Levine, Mark Milman

Proceedings Volume 1945, (1993) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.158760

KEYWORDS: Space telescopes, Adaptive optics, Telescopes, Zernike polynomials, Mirrors, Device simulation, Reflector telescopes, Diffraction, Systems modeling, Error analysis

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 1992 Paper

Phasing of a space-based segmented submillimeter wavelength telescope using focal plane measurements

Bruce Levine, Stuart Shaklan, Ty Buxman, Philip Dumont

Proceedings Volume 1696, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.138144

KEYWORDS: Actuators, Algorithms, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Image segmentation, Control systems, Image quality, Annealing, Mirrors, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 1 June 1992 Paper

Hybrid ray trace and diffraction propagation code for analysis of optical systems

David Redding, Bruce Levine, Jeffrey Yu, J. Kent Wallace

Proceedings Volume 1625, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.58939

KEYWORDS: Ray tracing, Diffraction, Geometrical optics, Modeling, Software, Optical design, Active optics, Thermography, Mirrors, Segmented mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 1 October 1991 Paper

Segmented mirror figure control for a space-based far-IR astronomical telescope

David Redding, William Breckenridge, Kenneth Lau, George Sevaston, Bruce Levine, Stuart Shaklan

Proceedings Volume 1489, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.46600

KEYWORDS: Wavefronts, Sensors, Error analysis, Mirrors, Actuators, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Image segmentation, Structural sensing, Control systems

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Proceedings Article | 1 September 1991 Paper

Optical system design for a lunar optical interferometer

M. Mark Colavita, Michael Shao, Braden Hines, Bruce Levine, Robert Gershman

Proceedings Volume 1494, (1991) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.46723

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Space telescopes, Interferometers, Metrology, Telescopes, Laser metrology, Astronomical telescopes, Stars, Imaging systems, Synthetic apertures

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