Mask repair is an essential step in the manufacturing process of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) masks. Its key challenge is to continuously improve resolution and control to enable the repair of the ever-shrinking feature sizes on mask along the EUV roadmap. The state-of-the-art mask repair method is gas-assisted electron-beam (e-beam) lithography also referred to as focused electron-beam induced processing (FEBIP). We discuss the principles of the FEBIP repair process, along with the criteria to evaluate the repairs, and identify the major contributions determining the achievable resolution. As key results, we present several high-end repairs on EUV masks including a sub-10-nm extrusion achieved with the latest generation of e-beam-based mask repair tools, the MeRiT® LE. Furthermore, we demonstrate the corresponding repair verification using at-wavelength (actinic) measurements.
Scaling trends in the semiconductor industry towards smaller technology nodes and feature sizes are continuing and first consumer products manufactured with the help of EUV technology are already on the market. Major industrial players have introduced EUV lithography into their production at the 7nm technology node and with the 5nm node being on its way [1], the amount of EUV lithographic layers is expected to rise significantly and implementation of EUV double patterning is anticipated. These developments lead to more strict technological requirements especially for the corresponding EUV but also for the used high-end DUV photomasks in terms of minimum feature sizes and acceptable Edge Placement Errors (EPE). Moreover, photomask defectivity increases dramatically with shrinking feature sizes. This creates significant challenges to the industry, as in particular the most cost intensive EUV photomasks possess the highest numbers of defects. The current industry standard for high-end photomask repair tools is the MeRiT neXT [2]. To face the upcoming challenges an efficient and reliable way to repair future high-end photomasks is inevitable. A corresponding repair tool must address decreased minimum feature sizes and increased pattern complexity on high-end photomasks. In this paper we present our latest results of high-end EUV repairs carried out on the next generation photomask repair tool MeRiT LE. The tool shows improved system dynamics, makes use of a new electron beam column, which operates at a low electron beam voltage down to 400V and enables the repair of next generation ultra-small defects.
KEYWORDS: Photomasks, Extreme ultraviolet, Scanning electron microscopy, Extreme ultraviolet lithography, Manufacturing, Back end of line, Image analysis, Semiconductors, Multilayers, Scanners
With the semiconductor industry tending towards adding multiple layers consisting of EUV technology in high-end manufacturing and the production of many EUV scanners to meet customer demands, novel approaches for EUV defect review are being readily investigated. The successor of the quasi industry standard AIMS and sole actinic defect review tool available currently is AIMS EUV. As the industry already introduced this newcomer in the manufacturing environment, other steps in the workflow were forced to adapt to the new technology. One example is the automated aerial image analysis process where the DUV aerial image analysis software, AIMS AutoAnalysis (AAA), was enhanced for the EUV solution in order to handle high resolution EUV images. This was a necessary step for full automation similar to the process achieved with AIMS and AAA. Another important domain in the back end of line is defect repair where the e-beam based repair tool MeRiT is also the quasi standard in the mask manufacturing industry especially for high-end photomasks. After undergoing changes to keep up with shrinking feature sizes and complex repairs MeRiT tools were able to overcome these challenges and fulfill the current industry demands and expectations. For mask makers timely supply of error free high-quality masks is of the essence which can be further ensured by introducing a higher level of automation to the repair workflow. Following a similar approach to the optical counterpart, a digital solution known as SEM AutoAnalysis (SAA) has been developed. With SAA, a quick and fully automated SEM image-based quality assessment after a repair of a photomask is readily achievable. Moreover, the repair technicians benefit vastly by having the complete repair history of a defect for their decision-making process which would lead to a reduction of the turnaround time. As a consequence, unnecessary time wastes during mask un/loading cycles can be avoided. The myriad data produced in the BEOL, originating from different modalities, can be converted to meaningful information with the help of automation enabling technicians to make better decisions, reducing the risk of mishaps, improve repair quality and reliability of processes in general. Since mask defects that go through each tool are the same, data produced by different tools should retain that common denominator for an efficient assessment. This assessment needs to be applied to the areas of different modalities where a comparison is possible that led to the investigations to test the feasibility of combining SEM and EUV data. A comparison of SAA results with AIMS EUV measurements analyzed with AAA on the same photomask and defects are presented along with this proceeding. The results show that SAA can provide a valuable preliminary assessment of photomask repairs. Nevertheless, due to the nature of SEM based analysis, AIMS EUV technology remains mandatory for a final mask repair qualification and a complete specification check, i.e. mask repair verification. The outcome of this investigation paves the way towards a fully automated BEOL where different workflows and data originating from several tools in the mask shop can be interconnected and controlled.
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