Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) which refers to the cancer of the back of the throat, including the base of tongue and tonsils, has rapidly increased the past several decades and if undiagnosed, the tumors metastasize leading to many complications and decreased survival. In this study, Raman spectroscopy (RS) in combination with data classification algorithms was used to examine tonsil specimens (normal, benign, and malignant) to determine if RS could serve as a viable tool for real-time sensitive detection of OPSCC and ultimately other HPV-linked cancers.
Immersive, stereoscopic displays may be instrumental to better interpreting 3-dimensional (3D) data. Further- more, the advent of commodity-level virtual reality (VR) hardware has made this technology accessible for meaningful applications, such as medical education. Accordingly, in the current work we present a commodity- level, immersive simulation for interacting with human ear anatomy. In the simulation, users may interact simultaneously with high resolution computed tomography (CT) scans and their corresponding, 3D anatomical structures. The simulation includes: (1) a commodity level, immersive virtual environment presented by the Oculus CV1, (2) segmented 3D models of head and ear structures generated from a CT dataset, (3) the ability to freely manipulate 2D and 3D data synchronously, and (4) a user-interface which allows for free exploration and manipulation of data using the Oculus touch controllers. The system was demonstrated to 10 otolaryngolo- gists for evaluation. Physicians were asked to supply feedback via both questionnaire and discussion in order to determine the efficacy of the current system as well as the most pertinent applications for future research.
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