Prof. Ke Li Profile

Prof. Ke Li

Associate Professor at Univ of Wisconsin-Madison

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Co-Chair | Editorial Board Member: Journal of Medical Imaging | Author | Science Fair Judge

Publications (86)

Proceedings Article | 3 April 2024 Presentation

Experimental methods to estimate the dead time of photon counting detectors

Linying Zhan, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12925, 129250A (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006560

KEYWORDS: Photon counting, Time correlated photon counting, Computed tomography, Time metrology, Systems modeling, Spatial resolution, Imaging spectroscopy, Image registration, Detector development

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Proceedings Article | 3 April 2024 Presentation

Recycling scattered X-rays within edge-on Si photon counting detectors via Si-scintillator lamination

Christian De Caro, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12925, 129250D (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3008619

KEYWORDS: Spatial resolution, Quantum detection, Silicon, X-rays, X-ray detectors, Scintillators, Photon counting, Signal detection, Photodiodes, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 3 April 2024 Presentation

Iodine map generation from single-kV contrast-enhanced CT using a conditional generative model

Ran Zhang, Yijing Wu, John Garrett, Ke Li, Meghan Lubner, Thomas Grist, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 12925, 1292509 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3008641

KEYWORDS: Iodine, Data modeling, Computed tomography, Education and training, Scanners, Performance modeling, Diffusion, Biomedical applications, Statistical modeling, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Paper

Charge integration-based pulse pileup correction in photon counting detectors

Kevin Treb, Jeff Radtke, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12463, 124633H (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654235

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Photon counting, X-ray detectors, Spatial resolution, Capacitors, X-ray computed tomography, Design and modelling, Analog to digital converters, Polymethylmethacrylate, Analog electronics

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Paper

K-edge photon counting CT imaging using a dual-bin photon counting detector and kV switching

Kevin Treb, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12463, 124633I (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654241

KEYWORDS: Gadolinium, Iodine, Switching, Photon counting, Signal to noise ratio, X-rays, Computed tomography, X-ray computed tomography, Spectral response, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

Empirical unbiased zero-count correction in photon counting CT

Daniel Bushe, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12463, 124631P (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2650457

KEYWORDS: Bias correction, Computed tomography, Tunable filters, Spatial resolution, Iodine, Image restoration, Photon counting, Statistical analysis, Attenuation

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Presentation + Paper

Addressing the challenge of CT number bias in low-dose photon counting CT without access to raw detector count data

Dalton Griner, Nikou Lei, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12463, 124631N (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654372

KEYWORDS: Bias correction, Computed tomography, Photon counting, Image restoration, Tomography, Medical image reconstruction, Statistical analysis, Histograms, Digital recording, Detector development

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Poster + Paper

Reconstruction of local noise power spectrum from a single CT data acquisition

Chengzhu Zhang, Ke Li, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 12463, 124633U (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654367

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Data acquisition, Image restoration, Covariance, Imaging systems, Modulation transfer functions, Medical image reconstruction, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Poster

Deep-QC: a quality-check framework for quantitative material estimation from single-kV CT data

Xin Tie, Yinsheng Li, Ran Zhang, Ke Li, Guanghong Chen

Proceedings Volume 12463, 1246340 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654515

KEYWORDS: Tomography, Reliability, Physics, Image analysis, Image acquisition, Human subjects, Functional analysis, Data acquisition, Error analysis, Neural networks

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Presentation

Intra-detector x-ray scatterings in edge-on irradiated silicon photon counting CT: how to harvest information from scattered photons

Ke Li, Christian De Caro, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 12463, 124630D (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654227

KEYWORDS: Silicon, X-rays, Sensors, Scattering, Photon counting, X-ray detectors, Quantum information, Semiconductors, Semiconductor materials, Semiconducting wafers

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Presentation

Flat panel detector with a drainable liquid spectral separator for dual-energy x-ray and cone-beam CT imaging

Emily Cai, Kevin Treb, Christian De Caro, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12463, 1246311 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654226

KEYWORDS: X-rays, X-ray detectors, Liquids, Sensors, X-ray imaging, X-ray computed tomography, Scintillators, Image sensors, Copper, Quantum efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 7 April 2023 Presentation

Scatter-to-primary ratio in photon counting CT

Ran Zhang, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 12463, 1246306 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2654253

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Photon counting, Sensors, X-rays, X-ray detectors, Physics, New and emerging technologies, Monte Carlo methods, Data acquisition, Computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

A dagger (†) photon counting detector system for both 2D and 3D interventional imaging

Kevin Treb, Xu Ji, Sarvesh Periyasamy, Mang Feng, Ran Zhang, Dan Bushe, Paul Laeseke, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12031, 120310G (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612687

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Sensors, Spatial resolution, Calcium, Iodine, 3D image processing, Calibration, Photon counting

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Poster + Paper

An analytical model of energy response function for CdTe-based photon counting detectors with inter-pixel communication for anti-coincidence corrections

Xu Ji, Mang Feng, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12031, 120314N (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611848

KEYWORDS: X ray detectors, Systems modeling, X-rays, Compton scattering, Sensors, Tellurium, Cadmium, Scattering, Photon counting

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

Overcoming the challenges of inaccurate CT numbers in low dose CT

Joshua Ray Chen, Mang Feng, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12031, 1203113 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612645

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Image processing, Sensors, Nickel, Iodine, Statistical analysis, Computed tomography, Reconstruction algorithms, Data acquisition, X-rays, Photon counting

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation

A unified artifact correction framework for C-arm photon counting cone beam CT

Mang Feng, Xu Ji, Kevin Treb, Chengzhu Zhang, Emily Cai, Ran Zhang, Sarvesh Periyasamy, Paul Laeseke, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume PC12031, PC120310K (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612711

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Photon counting, Signal detection, X-rays, X-ray imaging, X-ray detectors, X-ray computed tomography, Semiconductors, Scattering, Prototyping

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation

Deep-En-Chroma: mining the spectral fingerprints in single-kV CT acquisitions using energy integration detectors

Yinsheng Li, Xin Tie, Ke Li, John Garrett, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume PC12031, PC120310I (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2611838

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Sensors, Mining, X-rays, Imaging systems, Data acquisition, Tissues, Medicine, Medical imaging modalities, Human subjects

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation

Quantitative lung perfusion blood volume maps using effective Z images learned from single-kV pulmonary CT angiography data

Ke Li, Yinsheng Li, Zhihua Qi, John Garrett, Thomas Grist, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume PC12031, PC120310J (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612593

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Lung, Iodine, Blood, Angiography, Nuclear medicine, Neural networks, Human subjects, Hemodynamics, Functional imaging

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Proceedings Article | 4 April 2022 Presentation + Paper

Enlarging the longitudinal coverage of a prototype C-arm photon counting CT system for image-guided interventions

Kevin Treb, Xu Ji, Mang Feng, Ran Zhang, Sarvesh Periyasamy, Paul Laeseke, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 12034, 120340Y (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612690

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Imaging systems, Prototyping, Collimation, Sensors, X-ray imaging, Spatial resolution, X-ray computed tomography, Visualization, Photon counting

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Existing clinical C-arm interventional x-ray systems equipped with flat panel detectors (FPDs) can generate fluoroscopic, angiographic, and cone-beam CT (CBCT) images with sufficient volumetric coverage for interventional imaging tasks. However, FPD-CBCT does not provide sufficient low-contrast detectability, resolution, or spectral imaging capability desired for certain interventional procedures. To overcome these limitations, a C-arm photon counting detector (PCD) CT prototype was developed by installing an interchangeable strip PCD on the C-arm gantry. The narrow z width of the PCD reduces detector cost and reduces scatter when paired with a narrow beam collimation. However, it does not provide sufficient volumetric coverage compared to the standard FPD. The purpose of this work was to develop a step-and-shoot data acquisition method to enlarge the effective z-coverage of the C-arm strip PCD-CT system. A total of 10 back-and-forth short-scan C-arm gantry rotations were used with image object translation. By using an Arduino board to process the x-ray-on pulse signals in real-time, a motorized patient table prototype was synchronized with the C-arm system such that it translates the object by the PCD width during the rest time in between gantry rotations. To evaluate whether this multisweep step-and-shoot acquisition mode can generate high-quality and volumetric PCD-CT images, experiments were performed using an anthropomorphic head phantom, and a stent. The multi-sweep step-and-shoot C-arm protocol resulted in volumetric PCD-CT images with lower image noise and improved low-contrast visualization over the FPD-CBCT in the head phantom, as well as improved visibility of small iodinated blood vessels using maximum intensity projections. Under an ultra-high-resolution PCD mode, the fine structures of the stent were visualized more clearly by the PCD-CT than the highest-available resolution provided by the FPD-CBCT. The multi-sweep step-and-shoot acquisition can therefore extend the z-coverage of the C-arm PCD-CT prototype by a factor of 10 to enable high-quality and volumetric C-arm PCD-CT images acquired with a narrow beam-narrow detector setup for image-guided interventions.

Proceedings Article | 21 March 2022 Presentation

A multi-contrast chest x-ray radiography prototype with low-dose fast scanning-beam acquisition

Daniel Bushe, Xu Ji, Ran Zhang, Mang Feng, Kevin Treb, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume PC12031, PC1203103 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2612676

KEYWORDS: Chest imaging, Radiography, Imaging systems, Prototyping, Pulmonary disorders, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Standards development, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

A hybrid photon counting and flat panel detector system for periprocedural hemorrhage monitoring in the angio suite

Kevin Treb, Xu Ji, Mang Feng, Ran Zhang, Sebastian Schafer, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 11595, 115950U (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581242

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Imaging systems, Photon counting, Computed tomography, Imaging spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Scanners, Reliability, Photodetectors, Iodine

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Endovascular procedures performed in the angio suite have gained considerable popularity for treatment of ischemic stroke as well as aneurysms. However, new intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) may develop during these procedures, and it is highly desirable to arm the angio suite with real-time and reliable ICH monitoring tools. Currently, angio suites are equipped with scintillator-based flat panel detector (FPD) imaging systems for both planar and cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging applications. However, the reliability of CBCT for ICH imaging is insufficient due to its poor low-contrast detectability compared with MDCT and lack of spectral imaging capability for differentiating between ICH, calcifications, and iodine staining from periprocedural contrast-enhanced imaging sequences. To preserve the benefits of the FPD for 2D imaging and certain high-contrast 3D imaging tasks while adding a high quality, quantitative, and affordable CT imaging capability to the angio room for intraoperative ICH monitoring, a hybrid detector system was developed that includes the existing FPD on the C-arm gantry and a strip photon-counting detector (PCD) that can be translated into the field-of-view for high quality PCD-CT imaging at a given brain section-of-interest. The hybrid system maintains the openness and ease of use of the C-arm system without the need to remodel the angio room and without installing a slidinggantry MDCT (aka Angio CT) with orders of magnitude higher costs. Additionally, the cost of the strip PCD is much less than the cost of a large-area PCD. To demonstrate the feasibility and potential benefits of the hybrid PCD-FPD system, a series of physical phantom studies, and human cadaver studies were performed at a gantry rotation speed (7 s) and radiation dose level that closely match those of clinical CBCT acquisitions. The experimental images of C-arm PCD-CT demonstrated MDCT-equivalent low-contrast detectability of PCD-CT and significantly reduced artifacts compared with FPD-based CBCT.

Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation

Model-based inter- and intra-panel inconsistency correction for photon counting detector CT

Mang Feng, Xu Ji, Ran Zhang, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 11595, 115951V (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2580817

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Photon counting, Computed tomography, Model-based design, Systems modeling, Aluminum, Semiconductors, Image quality, Head, Data analysis

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

DeepInterior: new pathway to address the interior tomographic reconstruction problem in CT via direct backprojecting divergent beam projection data

Chengzhu Zhang, Yinsheng Li, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 11595, 115951Q (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581368

KEYWORDS: Tomography, Data acquisition, Visualization, Neural networks, Collimation

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation

Anomalous edge response of photon counting detectors induced by pulse pileup and anti-coincidence logic

Xu Ji, Ran Zhang, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 11595, 115950F (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581086

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Photon counting, Logic, Tungsten, Time correlated photon counting, Spatial resolution, Photodetectors

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

Generation of virtual non-contrast (VNC) image from dual energy CT scans using deep learning

Yinsheng Li, Ke Li, John Garrett, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 11595, 115951E (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2582006

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Dual energy imaging, Range imaging, Medical imaging applications, Machine learning

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation + Paper

COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis using chest x-ray radiograph and deep learning

Dalton Griner, Ran Zhang, Xin Tie, Chengzhu Zhang, John Garrett, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 11597, 1159706 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581972

KEYWORDS: Chest imaging, Radiography, X-rays, Polymers, Machine learning, Gold, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation

Photon counting CT in a C-arm interventional system: hardware development and artifact corrections

Xu Ji, Mang Feng, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 11595, 115950A (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2581087

KEYWORDS: Photon counting, Sensors, Calibration, Computed tomography, Imaging systems, Spatial resolution, Quantum efficiency, Model-based design, Head, Distortion

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2021 Presentation

Single-kV multi-contrast x-ray imaging for gout detection and gout-pseudogout differentiation

Daniel Bushe, Ran Zhang, Xu Ji, Mang Feng, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 11595, 115951P (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2580972

KEYWORDS: X-ray imaging, Crystals, Imaging systems, Diagnostics, Crystallography, X-rays, Signal detection, Signal attenuation, Numerical simulations, Calcium

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 December 2020

Leveraging non-contrast head CT to improve the image quality of cerebral CT perfusion maps

Evan Harvey, Ke Li

JMI, Vol. 7, Issue 06, 063504, (December 2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JMI.7.6.063504

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Image quality, Image fusion, Tissues, Head, Denoising, Brain mapping, Lithium, Brain, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

Phase contrast CT enabled three-material decomposition in spectral CT imaging

Xu Ji, Ran Zhang, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 11312, 113121B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549014

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Phase contrast, Dual energy imaging, X-rays, Computed tomography, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

Non-contrast head CT-assisted cerebral CT perfusion imaging

Evan Harvey, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 11312, 1131236 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549712

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Head, Image quality, Tissues, Diagnostics, Brain, Deconvolution, Ischemic stroke, Blood, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Presentation + Paper

Impact of photon counting detector spectral distortion on virtual non-contrast CT imaging

Mang Feng, Xu Ji, Ran Zhang, Jessica Miller, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 11312, 113121J (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549737

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Distortion, Iodine, Photon counting, Sensors, Calcium, Computed tomography, X-rays, Signal attenuation, Blood

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

Quantitative blood flow imaging with time-resolved C-arm cone-beam CT imaging

John Garrett, Yinsheng Li, Juan Montoya, Yijing Wu, Ke Li, Charles Strother, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 11312, 113123G (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2548516

KEYWORDS: Blood circulation, Data acquisition, Angiography, Computed tomography, Temporal resolution, Human subjects, Numerical simulations, Diagnostics, Imaging systems, Image enhancement

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

Analogous Lubberts effect in photon counting detectors

Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 11312, 113120Z (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549785

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Modulation transfer functions, Electrodes, Photon counting, X-ray detectors, Electrons, Photoresistors, Physics, Semiconductors

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Presentation

Impacts of pulse pileup, charge sharing, and anti-charge sharing on the noise power spectra of photon counting detectors: theoretical analysis and experimental demonstrations (Conference Presentation)

Ke Li, Xu Ji, Ran Zhang

Proceedings Volume 11312, 1131213 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549784

KEYWORDS: Photon counting, Sensors, Monte Carlo methods, Device simulation

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

Correction for cone beam CT image artifacts via a deep learning method

Dalton Griner, John Garrett, Yinsheng Li, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 11312, 113124H (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549685

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Data acquisition, Image segmentation, Image quality, Image registration, Sensors, Image processing, Network architectures, Convolution, X-ray computed tomography

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

Feasibility of achieving spectral CT imaging from a single KV acquisition and deep learning method

Yinsheng Li, Juan Pablo Cruz-Bastida, Ke Li, Daniel Bushe, Christopher François, Meghan Lubner, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 11312, 1131222 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549611

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, X-ray computed tomography, X-rays, Data acquisition, Iodine, Sensors, X-ray imaging, Photons, Information fusion, Calcium

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Proceedings Article | 16 March 2020 Paper

High temporal resolution time-resolved C-arm cone-beam CT imaging using a multi-sweep data acquisition scheme

Yinsheng Li, John Garrett, Ke Li, Charles Strother, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 11312, 113121K (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2549602

KEYWORDS: Temporal resolution, Data acquisition, Angiography, Human subjects, Arteries, Image restoration, Numerical simulations, Tissues, In vivo imaging, Superposition

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Proceedings Article | 14 March 2019 Presentation

Volumetric scout CT images reconstructed from conventional two-view radiograph localizers using deep learning (Conference Presentation)

Juan Camilo Montoya, Chengzhu Zhang, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10948, 1094825 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513133

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Radiography, Neural networks, CT reconstruction, 3D modeling, 3D metrology, Diagnostics, 3D image processing, 3D image reconstruction, 3D imaging standards

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Spectrum optimization in photon counting detector based iodine K-edge CT imaging

Mang Feng, Xu Ji, Kevin Treb, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 10948, 109481C (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512893

KEYWORDS: Iodine, X-ray computed tomography, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Photon counting

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Image reconstruction from fully-truncated and sparsely-sampled line integrals using iCT-Net

Yinsheng Li, Ke Li, Chengzhu Zhang, Juan Montoya, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10948, 109480S (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513088

KEYWORDS: Data acquisition, Image restoration, Image processing, Human subjects, Computed tomography, Data processing, X-ray computed tomography, Scanners, Lithium, Medical diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 7 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Human-compatible multi-contrast mammographic prototype system

Ran Zhang, Ke Li, John Garrett, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10948, 109480X (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513149

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Mammography, Breast imaging, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

An experimental method to correct drift-induced error in zero-frequency DQE measurement

Xu Ji, Mang Feng, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 10948, 109480H (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512467

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Imaging systems, Error analysis, Modulation transfer functions, Signal detection, Photons, Numerical simulations, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Impact of the sensitivity factor on the signal-to-noise ratio in grating-based phase contrast imaging

Xu Ji, Ran Zhang, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10948, 109481Q (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2512251

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Statistical analysis, Phase contrast, Photons, Numerical simulations, Refraction, Phase shifts, Visibility, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 1 March 2019 Presentation + Paper

Impacts of photon counting detector to cerebral CT angiography maximum intensity projection (MIP) images

Evan Harvey, Mang Feng, Xu Ji, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 10948, 109481Z (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2513205

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Computed tomography, Arteries, Sensors, Photon counting, Angiography, Signal detection, X-ray computed tomography, Spatial resolution, Head

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Cerebral CT angiography (CTA) is widely used for the diagnosis of various cerebrovascular diseases, including strokes, vasculitis, aneurysms, and etc.2–4 For the diagnosis of ischemic strokes, the availability of high quality CTA images not only helps in identifying the presence/location of large vessel occlusion but also facilitates the assessment of collateral blood supply. As another example, accurate rendering of the superficial temporal arteries is valuable in identifying vessel inflammations induced by giant cell arteritis.5 While CTA is an established clinical gold standard for imaging large cerebral arteries and veins,1 an important challenge that currently remains for MDCT-based CTA is its limited performance in imaging small perforating arteries with a diameter below 0.5 mm.4 As a consequence, the relativley invasive artery biopsy procedure remains the current clinical gold standard for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis.6 The use of indirect conversion energy integrating detectors puts intrinsic limit on the spatial resolution of MDCT, both in-plane and along the z direction. Severe partial volume averaging effect (PVE) and the preferential weighting of high energy photons7 are among major reasons for the relatively poor performance of MDCT-based CTA for imaging iodinated small vessels. Photon counting detector-based CT (PCD-CT) offers potential technological solutions to these challenges MDCT systems face for CTA. When compared to MDCT, the direct conversion design of PCD reduces limitations on both in-plane and through-plane spatial resolution, and the inherent equal weighting of high and low energy photons of PCD-CT systems offers an improvement in the CNR of iodinated vessels. The purpose of this work was to theoretically and experimentally study the potential impacts of the PCD-CT technology to an important component of CTA image package: the maximum intensity projection (MIP) image. MIP is a simple 3D image visualization method to display CTA data sets. Based on source images alone, it can be very challenging to evaluate occlusion conditions since most vessels extend to different z positions. In comparison, a MIP image that extracted information from a much longer z range can provide clearer evidence for an occlusion; in addition, it can effectively enhance the visibility of small collateral vessels. This work first derived the statistical properties of the MIP image, then analyzed how each of the benefits of PCD (improved z resolution; reduced noise autocovariance along z) propagates from the source CT images to the final MIP image. Finally, experiments were performed using a benchtop PCD-CT system and an anthropomorphic CTA phantom to showcase the significantly improved visibility of small perforating arteries.

Proceedings Article | 9 March 2018 Presentation + Paper

Time-resolved C-arm cone beam CT angiography using SMART-RECON: quantification of temporal resolution and reconstruction accuracy

John Garrett, Yinsheng Li, Ke Li, Sebastian Schafer, Charles Strother, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10573, 105731T (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2292477

KEYWORDS: Temporal resolution, Reconstruction algorithms, Angiography, Image quality, Arteries, Veins, Computed tomography, Lithium, Error analysis, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2018 Paper

Task-driven optimization of an experimental photon counting detector CT system for intracranial hemorrhage detection

Xu Ji, Ran Zhang, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 10573, 105731P (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293942

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Head, Imaging systems, Photon counting, X-ray computed tomography, Apodization, Modulation transfer functions, Computed tomography, Performance modeling, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2018 Paper

Intrinsic limitations on quantification accuracy of dual energy CT at low dose levels

Juan Cruz-Bastida, Ran Zhang, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10573, 105734L (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293963

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Dual energy imaging, X-rays, Data acquisition, Image filtering, Medicine, Image quality, X-ray imaging, Optical filters, Signal attenuation

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2018 Presentation + Paper

Design, construction, and initial results of a prototype multi-contrast x-ray breast imaging system

Ke Li, Ran Zhang, John Garrett, Yongshuai Ge, Xu Ji, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10573, 105730W (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293921

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, X-ray imaging, Prototyping, X-rays, Breast imaging, Diffraction gratings, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2018 Paper

Impact of radiation dose level on CT number accuracy in photon counting CT

Ran Zhang, Juan Cruz-Bastida, Daniel Gomez-Cardona, John Hayes, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10573, 105734T (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2293907

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Photon counting, X-rays, CT reconstruction, Error analysis, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Presentation + Paper

Low signal correction scheme for low dose CBCT: the good, the bad, and the ugly

Daniel Gomez-Cardona, John Hayes, Ran Zhang, Ke Li, Juan Pablo Cruz-Bastida, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10132, 101320Z (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255531

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Anisotropic diffusion, Imaging systems, Digital filtering, Smoothing, Interference (communication), Spatial resolution, Diffusion, Image filtering, Medical imaging, Statistical analysis

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Paper

Weighted singular value decomposition (wSVD) to improve the radiation dose efficiency of grating-based x-ray phase contrast imaging with a photon counting detector

Xu Ji, Yongshuai Ge, Ran Zhang, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10132, 101325I (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255014

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Signal to noise ratio, Phase contrast, Denoising, Interference (communication), Interferometers, Photon counting, Sensors, Visibility, X-ray detectors, X-ray imaging, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Presentation + Paper

Potential bias in signal estimation for grating-based x-ray multi-contrast imaging

Xu Ji, Yongshuai Ge, Ran Zhang, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10132, 1013219 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2254429

KEYWORDS: Signal detection, X-ray detectors, X-ray imaging, X-rays, Phase contrast, Absorption, Data acquisition, Visibility, Sensors, Photon counting, Numerical simulations, Phase measurement, Interferometers, Statistical analysis, Photons

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Presentation + Paper

Signal and noise characteristics of a CdTe-based photon counting detector: cascaded systems analysis and experimental studies

Xu Ji, Ran Zhang, Yongshuai Ge, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 10132, 1013207 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255063

KEYWORDS: Photon counting, Sensors, Image processing, Interference (communication), X-rays, Modulation transfer functions, Signal detection, Cadmium, Systems modeling, X-ray imaging, Medical imaging, Single photon, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Presentation + Paper

Dependence of quantitative accuracy of CT perfusion imaging on system parameters

Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10132, 101320D (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255519

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Computed tomography, Systems modeling, Deconvolution, Image processing, 3D image processing, Image acquisition, Diagnostics, Ischemic stroke, Tissues, Signal processing, Numerical simulations, Brain

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Paper

Denoised ordered subset statistically penalized algebraic reconstruction technique (DOS-SPART) in digital breast tomosynthesis

John Garrett, Yinsheng Li, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 10132, 101324F (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255584

KEYWORDS: Digital breast tomosynthesis, Reconstruction algorithms, Breast, Optimization (mathematics), Computed tomography, Spatial resolution, Mammography, Image quality, 3D image processing, Cancer, 3D image reconstruction

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2017 Presentation + Paper

Pushing the boundaries of diagnostic CT systems for high spatial resolution imaging tasks

Juan P. Cruz-Bastida, Daniel Gomez-Cardona, John Garrett, Timothy Szczykutowicz, Guang-Hong Chen, Ke Li

Proceedings Volume 10132, 101320F (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2255587

KEYWORDS: Spatial resolution, Diagnostics, Computed tomography, Imaging systems, Information fusion, In vivo imaging, Image quality, Signal to noise ratio, Fluctuations and noise, CT reconstruction, Lung, Bone, X-ray computed tomography, Medicine, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 5 April 2016 Paper

Reduction of truncation artifacts in CT images via a discriminative dictionary representation method

Yang Chen, Ke Li, Yinsheng Li, Jiang Hsieh, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9783, 97831D (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217114

KEYWORDS: Associative arrays, Computed tomography, Human subjects, Chemical species, X-ray computed tomography, Image processing, Medicine, Lithium, Sensors, Collimation

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Proceedings Article | 31 March 2016 Paper

Noise power spectrum studies of CT systems with off-centered image object and bowtie filter

Daniel Gomez-Cardona, Juan Cruz-Bastida, Ke Li, Adam Budde, Jiang Hsieh, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9783, 97833A (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2217441

KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Computed tomography, Optical filters, Signal attenuation, Sensors, Medical imaging, Medicine, X-rays, X-ray computed tomography, Numerical simulations

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Proceedings Article | 22 March 2016 Paper

C-arm cone beam CT perfusion imaging using the SMART-RECON algorithm to improve temporal sampling density and temporal resolution

Yinsheng Li, Kai Niu, Ke Li, Sebastian Schafer, Kevin Royalty, Charles Strother, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9783, 97830U (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216838

KEYWORDS: Reconstruction algorithms, Temporal resolution, Algorithm development, Computer simulations, In vivo imaging, Computed tomography, Tomography, Image restoration, Denoising, Imaging systems, Tissues, X-ray computed tomography, Blood, Brain mapping, Brain

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Proceedings Article | 22 March 2016 Paper

Noise characteristics of CT perfusion imaging: how does noise propagate from source images to final perfusion maps?

Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9783, 978310 (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216293

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Signal to noise ratio, Image quality, Ischemic stroke, Data acquisition, Numerical simulations, Niobium, X-ray computed tomography, In vivo imaging

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Proceedings Article | 22 March 2016 Paper

Potential use of microbubbles (MBs) as contrast material in x-ray dark field (DF) imaging: How does the DF signal change with the characteristic parameters of the MBs?

Ran Zhang, Bin Qin, Yongshuai Ge, Bruce Whiting, Ke Li, Flordeliza Villanueva, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9783, 97830N (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216322

KEYWORDS: X-rays, X-ray imaging, Absorption, Gold, Imaging systems, Image enhancement, Nanoparticles, Signal detection, Polymers, Ultrasonography

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Proceedings Article | 22 March 2016 Paper

X-ray differential phase contrast imaging using a grating interferometer and a single photon counting detector

Yongshuai Ge, Ran Zhang, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9783, 97830M (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2216321

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Visibility, Interferometers, Sensors, Photons, X-ray imaging, Imaging systems, X-ray detectors, Single photon, Phase contrast

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

Methods to mitigate data truncation artifacts in multi-contrast tomosynthesis image reconstructions

John Garrett, Yongshuai Ge, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9412, 941225 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081017

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Absorption, Phase contrast, X-rays, Data acquisition, X-ray imaging, Tomography, Breast, Image restoration, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

Imaging task-based optimal kV and mA selection for CT radiation dose reduction: from filtered backprojection (FBP) to statistical model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR)

Ke Li, Daniel Gomez-Cardona, Meghan Lubner, Perry Pickhardt, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9412, 94121M (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082357

KEYWORDS: Statistical analysis, Computed tomography, Image filtering, Diagnostics, Optical filters, X-ray computed tomography, Spatial resolution, Eye models, Optimization (mathematics), X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

Noise performance studies of model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) as a function of kV, mA and exposure level: Impact on radiation dose reduction and image quality

Daniel Gomez-Cardona, Ke Li, Meghan Lubner, Perry Pickhardt, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9412, 941238 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082334

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Image quality, Model-based design, X-rays, Computed tomography, Performance modeling, Imaging systems, Liver, In vivo imaging, Medical imaging

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

New signal extraction method in x-ray differential phase contrast imaging with a tilted collinear analyzer grating

Yongshuai Ge, John Garrett, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9412, 94120H (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081015

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Diffraction gratings, Phase contrast, Signal detection, X-ray imaging, Sensors, Absorption, Data acquisition, Diffraction, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

Absorption imaging performance in a future Talbot-Lau interferometer based breast imaging system

Yongshuai Ge, Wei Zhao, John Garrett, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9412, 94123X (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081013

KEYWORDS: Imaging systems, Breast imaging, Absorption, Photons, X-rays, Sensors, Monte Carlo methods, X-ray imaging, Optical design, Breast

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Proceedings Article | 18 March 2015 Paper

Anatomical background noise power spectrum in differential phase contrast breast images

John Garrett, Yongshuai Ge, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9412, 94121J (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2081008

KEYWORDS: Breast, Mammography, Absorption, Imaging systems, Phase contrast, X-rays, Breast imaging, X-ray imaging, Spatial frequencies, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2014 Paper

Noise performance of statistical model based iterative reconstruction in clinical CT systems

Ke Li, Jie Tang, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9033, 90335J (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043974

KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, Statistical analysis, CT reconstruction, Scanners, 3D image processing, 3D image reconstruction, Image quality, 3D metrology, Iodine, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2014 Paper

Fast data acquisition method in X-ray differential phase contrast imaging using a new grating design

Yongshuai Ge, Ke Li, John Garrett, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9033, 90330B (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043886

KEYWORDS: Data acquisition, X-rays, Optical design, X-ray imaging, Sensors, Phase contrast, X-ray detectors, Diffraction gratings, Fringe analysis, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2014 Paper

Statistical signal estimation methods in X-ray differential phase contrast imaging

Yongshuai Ge, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9033, 90330G (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043938

KEYWORDS: Statistical analysis, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Phase contrast, Interference (communication), Statistical modeling, Numerical simulations, Visibility, X-ray detectors, Data acquisition

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2014 Paper

Cramér-Rao lower bound in differential phase contrast imaging and its application in the optimization of data acquisition systems

Yongshuai Ge, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 9033, 90330F (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2043930

KEYWORDS: X-rays, X-ray imaging, Phase contrast, Visibility, Interference (communication), Imaging systems, Sensors, Photon counting, Phase retrieval, Photons

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2013 Paper

A statistical image reconstruction method to reduce small angle scattering induced streaking artifacts in differential phase contrast CT

Kai Niu, Ke Li, Zhihua Qi, Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8668, 86684Y (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007739

KEYWORDS: X-ray computed tomography, Image restoration, Scattering, Phase contrast, X-rays, Reconstruction algorithms, Sensors, Fluctuations and noise, Data acquisition, Image processing

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2013 Paper

Type II beam hardening artifacts in phase contrast imaging

Nicholas Bevins, Ke Li, Joseph Zambelli, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8668, 866816 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007035

KEYWORDS: Visibility, Phase contrast, Imaging systems, Interferometers, X-rays, Copper, Sensors, Absorption, Laser scattering, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2013 Paper

Experimental measurement of the modulation transfer function of differential phase contrast CT systems

Ke Li, Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8668, 866856 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008081

KEYWORDS: Modulation transfer functions, Absorption, Interferometers, Sensors, Spatial frequencies, Imaging systems, X-ray computed tomography, Phase contrast, Signal detection, Spatial resolution

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2013 Paper

How to determine detection performance of a DPC-CT system from a conventional cone beam CT system?

Ke Li, John Garrett, Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8668, 866811 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008087

KEYWORDS: Breast, Imaging systems, X-rays, X-ray computed tomography, Absorption, Interferometers, Sensors, X-ray imaging, X-ray detectors, Modulation transfer functions

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Proceedings Article | 19 March 2013 Paper

Model observer and human observer performance studies in differential phase contrast CT

Ke Li, Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8668, 866817 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2008102

KEYWORDS: Eye models, Performance modeling, Eye, Phase contrast, Medical imaging, Signal detection, Mathematical modeling, X-ray imaging, Imaging systems, Spatial frequencies

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Proceedings Article | 9 March 2012 Paper

Experimental study of the impact of small-angle scatterers on the x-ray dark field imaging contrast mechanism

Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Ke Li, Zhihua Qi, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8313, 83135L (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911560

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Visibility, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Medical imaging, Polymethylmethacrylate, Optical spheres, Sensors, Imaging systems, Interferometers

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2012 Paper

Optimization of grating designs for x-ray differential phase contrast imaging

Joseph Zambelli, Ke Li, Nicholas Bevins, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8313, 83135B (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911584

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Gold, Scintillators, X-rays, Metals, Optical design, X-ray imaging, Imaging systems, Photons, Phase contrast

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2012 Paper

Differential phase contrast tomosynthesis imaging

Ke Li, Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8313, 83131Z (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911583

KEYWORDS: Phase contrast, Absorption, X-rays, X-ray imaging, Polymethylmethacrylate, Imaging systems, Medical imaging, Image filtering, Sensors, Breast

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Proceedings Article | 3 March 2012 Paper

A new image reconstruction method to improve noise properties in x-ray differential phase contrast computed tomography

Ke Li, Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8313, 83131V (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911604

KEYWORDS: Image filtering, Spatial frequencies, Linear filtering, Image restoration, Phase contrast, Absorption, Image processing, Point spread functions, Spatial resolution, X-rays

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2012 Paper

Detection performance study for cone-beam differential phase contrast CT

Ke Li, Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Zhihua Qi, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 8313, 83131L (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.911593

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Phase contrast, X-ray computed tomography, Modulation transfer functions, X-rays, Phase measurement, Computed tomography, Signal detection, 3D image processing, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2011 Paper

Noise characteristics of x-ray differential phase contrast CT

Joseph Zambelli, Ke Li, Nicholas Bevins, Zhihua Qi, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 7961, 79613N (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.878497

KEYWORDS: Absorption, Spatial resolution, Spatial frequencies, X-rays, Phase contrast, Reconstruction algorithms, Imaging systems, X-ray computed tomography, CT reconstruction, Phase measurement

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2011 Paper

Helical x-ray differential phase contrast computed tomography

Zhihua Qi, Pascal Thériault-Lauzier, Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Ke Li, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 7961, 79611Q (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.878494

KEYWORDS: Phase contrast, Reconstruction algorithms, Sensors, Computed tomography, Absorption, X-rays, X-ray computed tomography, Fluctuations and noise, Zinc, Algorithm development

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Proceedings Article | 17 March 2011 Paper

Beam hardening in x-ray differential phase contrast computed tomography

Nicholas Bevins, Joseph Zambelli, Ke Li, Zhihua Qi, Guang-Hong Chen

Proceedings Volume 7961, 79611H (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.878483

KEYWORDS: Phase contrast, Absorption, X-rays, X-ray computed tomography, Signal attenuation, Reconstruction algorithms, X-ray imaging, Computed tomography, Imaging systems, X-ray detectors

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Showing 5 of 86 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (5)

Physics of Medical Imaging

16 February 2025 | San Diego, California, United States

Physics of Medical Imaging

19 February 2024 | San Diego, California, United States

Physics of Medical Imaging

20 February 2023 | San Diego, California, United States

Physics of Medical Imaging

20 February 2022 | San Diego, California, United States

Physics of Medical Imaging

15 February 2021 | Online Only, California, United States

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