In this study, we utilized polarization-sensitive holotomography and Raman imaging to analyze prostate healthy (PNT2) and cancer (PC3) cells treated with glucose. After 48-hour incubation, distinct morphological differences were observed in cancer cells, including changes in volume, number, and refractive index of lipid droplets (LDs). Raman imaging confirmed the glucose uptake of these LDs. Cancer cells exhibited larger and more numerous LDs, with higher mean refractive-index and birefringence, compared to healthy cells. The study achieved over 90% accuracy in discriminating between cell types, highlighting its potential in cancer diagnostics. The research contributes to biomedical spectroscopy, offering a valuable tool for understanding cancer cell morphology and enabling early and precise cancer detection.
In the last few years, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications; unfortunately, in some cases, they induce toxic effects on biological systems. Among these, the activation of the innate immune system (inflammatory response) is considered a central issue for assessing health risks. Although the origin of nanotoxicity is not well known, the cause could be associated with the presence of contaminants on nanoparticles surface, such as bacterial endotoxin. The bacterial endotoxin, also known as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is the main component of gram-negative bacteria cell walls and is considered one of the major contaminants in the environment. Therefore, AuNPs can be easily contaminated during the synthesis process or their manipulation, and nanotoxicological assessment has to be performed before using AuNPs for biomedical purposes. Traditional assays for LPS detection are not always effective because AuNPs could interfere with other components and alter the final readout. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool for the analysis of molecules on metallic NPs, allowing to detect low concentration LPS with excellent sensitivity and reproducibility. In this work, we demonstrate that SERS technique can detect low amount of LPS (fg) on AuNPs (50 nm); moreover, we studied the internalization of bare and LPS-coated AuNPs in human monocyte-derived macrophages, by Raman Imaging, and their inflammatory effect by in vitro evaluation of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine production.
Here, we present a multimodal imaging approach based on Raman spectroscopy and PSDH imaging to detect circulating tumor cells. Particularly, the ability of tumor cells to internalize glucose faster than normal cells was investigated. Deuterated-glucose was used as Raman vibrational tag since its signal is present in the “silent” zone of Raman cell spectra. Raman information were correlated with the visualization of the cell birefringence by PSDH imaging. Each technique provides different information which combination gives a molecular and morphological signature of each cell, allowing to discriminate between normal and cancer cells with a sensitivity and specificity up to 80%.
A novel hyperspectral sensing imaging taking advantage of engineered all-dielectric metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum here is discussed. This approach combines surface-enhanced fluorescence and res- onant shift both based on high-Q resonances in proximity of bound states in the continuum. The amplification of the optical field on resonance allows increasing the fluorescence emission of a dye as a function of the spatial- variant dielectric environment in the near-field of the structure. We first demonstrate the fluorescence emission amplification by resonant pump matching in microscopy configuration. Then, we take advantage of Fano reso- nances in the fluorescence emission to map the spatially variant environment of biological cells. To demonstrate the real implementation of the proposed BIC-enhanced imaging as a platform for biosensing, hyperspectral maps of prostate cancer cells are experimentally reconstructed.
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