We show that a III-V semiconductor vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) can be engineered to generate light with a customizable spatiotemporal structure. Temporal control is achieved through the emission of temporal localized structures (TLSs), a particular mode-locking regime that allows individual addressing of the pulses traveling back and forth in the cavity. The spatial profile control relies on a degenerate external cavity, and it is implemented due to an absorptive mask deposited onto the gain mirror that limits the positive net gain within two circular spots in the transverse section of the VECSEL. We show that each spot emits spatially uncorrelated TLSs. Hence, the spatiotemporal structure of the light emitted can be shaped by individually addressing the pulses emitted by each spot. Because the maximum number of pulses circulating in the cavity and the number of positive net-gain spots in the VECSEL can be increased straightforwardly, this result is a proof of concept of a laser platform capable of handling light states of scalable complexity. We discuss applications to three-dimensional all-optical buffers and to multiplexing of frequency combs that share the same laser cavity.
THz photonics-based sources are attractive as they offer room-temperature solutions that rely on mature photonics technology and provide broadband tunability and large modulation bandwidth to address specific THz applications such as high-data-rate communications or spectroscopy. We will present an overview of our recent results on coherent and structured light emitted from III-V semiconductor lasers and we will focus on THz generation based on these original near-infrared lasers operating at 1064 nm. Vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers that exploit parity symmetry breaking together with integrated meta-surfaces can generate unconventional light states such as vortex light, spatially modeless laser, transverse multiplexing, non-linear structured light... Coherent THz emission has been obtained from a dual-mode laser, that operates simultaneously on two Laguerre-Gauss transverse modes, using either uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes and plasmonic photo-conductive antennas. We will discuss the ongoing work towards multiplex structured coherent photonic sources that offer high potential for powerful THz emission.
We present a classification of the transverse light states observed in a 3D degenerated optical system using a specially design VECSEL based on III-V semiconductor nanotechnology with weak light confinement in matter. A broad transverse area system with low but tunable diffraction combine with saturable absorption is used for light confinement. These light states include CW paraxial spherical coherent beams linearly polarized, conical waves and spatially degenerate coherent light. A first result of a non-linear structuration is also shown
Spatially Localized States are individually addressable structures that may appear in large aspect-ratio optical resonators. They can be used as bits of information for all-optical buffering. We design and operate a modeless laser cavity based on a 1/2 VCSEL coupled to a distant mirror in self-imaging condition. Our study indicates how a VeCSEL can be specially designed to provide a robust system potentially capable of emitting Spatially Localized States and paves the way towards the observation of three dimensional - in space and time - confined states, the so-called light bullets.
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