It has been proven that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective in treating various malignant and non-malignant
diseases. In the treatment of certain non-malignant vascular diseases, such as wet age-related macular degeneration
(AMD) and port wine stains (PWS), unlike in the treatment of malignant solid tumors, light irradiation usually
starts immediately after the intravenous (IV) injection of photosensitizers while the photosensitizers is mainly
circulating inside blood vessels. Under such vascular-targeting action mode, photoreactions between
photosensitizers and light can selectively destruct the vascular tissues. Light distribution is complex so that it is
important to understand the optical properties of targeted vessels and surrounding tissues. To better determine the
optical properties of vascular tissues, we developed a tissue-simulating phantom and adopted frequency-domain
measurement of phase difference. Absorption and reduced scattering coefficients in blood vessels were estimated
and light distribution was simulated by the Monte Carlo method. These determinations are essential for the
implication of better light dosimetry models in clinical photodynamic therapy and vascular-targeting PDT, in
particular.
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