Mr. Fabrice Guellec Profile

Fabrice Guellec

Head of Laboratory at CEA

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Publications (21)

Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

ROIC development at CEA for SWIR detectors: pixel circuit architecture and trade-offs

F. Guellec, O. Boulade, C. Cervera, V. Moreau, O. Gravrand, J. Rothman, J.-P. Zanatta

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105630K (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304212

KEYWORDS: Capacitance, Readout integrated circuits, Photodiodes, Sensors, Cadmium sulfide, Short wave infrared radiation, Optical amplifiers, Astronomical imaging, Avalanche photodetectors, Molybdenum

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Development and characterisation of MCT detectors for space astrophysics at CEA

O. Boulade, N. Baier, P. Castelein, C. Cervera, P. Chorier, G. Destefanis, B. Fièque, O. Gravrand, F. Guellec, V. Moreau, P. Mulet, F. Pinsard, J.-P. Zanatta

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105631W (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304252

KEYWORDS: Diodes, Quantum efficiency, Sensors, Readout integrated circuits, Liquid phase epitaxy, Standards development, Astrophysics, Photovoltaics, Diffusion, Epitaxy

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The Laboratoire Electronique et Traitement de l’Information (LETI) of the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA, Grenoble, France) has been involved in the development of infrared detectors based on HgCdTe (MCT) material for over 30 years, mainly for defence and security programs [1]. Once the building blocks are developed at LETI (MCT material process, diode technology, hybridization, …), the industrialization is performed at SOFRADIR (also in Grenoble, France) which also has its own R&D program [2].
In past years, LETI also developed infrared detectors for space astrophysics in the mid infrared range – the long wave detector of the ISOCAM camera onboard ISO – as well as in the far infrared range – the bolometer arrays of the Herschel/PACS photometer unit –, both instruments which were under the responsibility of the Astrophysics department of CEA (IRFU/SAp, Saclay, France).

Nowadays, the infrared detectors used in space and ground based astronomical instruments all come from vendors in the US. For programmatic reasons – increase the number of available vendors, decrease the cost, mitigate possible export regulations, …– as well as political ones – spend european money in Europe –, the European Space Agency (ESA) defined two roadmaps (one in the NIR-SWIR range, one in the MWIR-LWIR range) that will eventually allow for the procurement of infrared detectors for space astrophysics within Europe.
The French Space Agency (CNES) also started the same sort of roadmaps, as part of its contribution to the different space missions which involve delivery of instruments by French laboratories. It is important to note that some of the developments foreseen in these roadmaps also apply to Earth Observations.
One of the main goal of the ESA and CNES roadmaps is to reduce the level of dark current in MCT devices at all wavelengths. The objective is to use the detectors at the highest temperature where the noise induced by the dark current stays compatible with the photon noise, as the detector operating temperature has a very strong impact at system level. A consequence of reaching low levels of dark current is the need for very low noise readout circuits.

CEA and SOFRADIR are involved in a number of activities that have already started in this framework. CEA/LETI does the development of the photo-voltaic (PV) layers – MCT material growth, diode technologies–, as well as some electro-optical characterisation at wafer, diode and hybrid component levels, and CEA/IRFU/SAp does all the electro-optical characterisation involving very low flux measurements (mostly dark current measurements). Depending of the program, SOFRADIR can also participate in the development of the hybrid components, for instance the very low noise readout circuits (ROIC) can be developed either at SOFRADIR or at CEA/LETI.
Depending of the component specifications, the MCT epitaxy can be either liquid phase (LPE, which is the standard at SOFRADIR for production purposes) or molecular beam (MBE), the diode technology can be n/p (standard at LETI and SOFRADIR) or p/n (under development for several years now) [3], and the input stage of the ROIC can be Source Follower per Detector (SFD for very low flux low noise programs) or Capacitive Trans Impedance Amplifier (CTIA for intermediate flux programs) [4].

This paper will present the different developments and results obtained so far in the two NIR-SWIR and MWIR-LWIR spectral ranges, as well as the perspectives for the near future. CEA/LETI is also involved in the development of MCT Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD) that will be discussed in other papers [5,6].

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2016 Paper

Development activities on NIR large format MCT detectors for astrophysics and space science at CEA and SOFRADIR

Olivier Boulade, Vincent Moreau, Patrick Mulet, Olivier Gravrand, Cyril Cervera, Jean-Paul Zanatta, Pierre Castelein, Fabrice Guellec, Bruno Fièque, Philippe Chorier, Julien Roumegoux

Proceedings Volume 9915, 99150C (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231295

KEYWORDS: Quantum efficiency, Diodes, Sensors, Manufacturing, Mercury cadmium telluride, Readout integrated circuits, Capacitance, Staring arrays, Liquid phase epitaxy, Photodiodes

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Proceedings Article | 13 March 2015 Paper

Signal conditioning circuits for 3D-integrated burst image sensors with on-chip A/D conversion

R. Bonnard, J. Segura Puchades, F. Guellec, W. Uhring

Proceedings Volume 9403, 940304 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2082534

KEYWORDS: Analog electronics, Image sensors, Capacitance, Photodiodes, Transistors, Sensors, Multiplexers, 3D image processing, Amplifiers, Camera shutters

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Proceedings Article | 24 September 2013 Paper

Antenna-coupled microbolometer based uncooled 2D array and camera for 2D real-time terahertz imaging

F. Simoens, J. Meilhan, S. Gidon, G. Lasfargues, J. Lalanne Dera, J. L. Ouvrier-Buffet, S. Pocas, W. Rabaud, F. Guellec, B. Dupont, S. Martin, A. C. Simon

Proceedings Volume 8846, 88460O (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2024861

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Cameras, Antennas, Bolometers, Silicon, Staring arrays, Microbolometers, Quantum cascade lasers, Sensors, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 21 September 2012 Paper

Design of the MWIR channels of EChO

J. Reess, G. Tinetti, N. Baier, J. Beaulieu, P. Bernardi, O. Boulade, J. Buey, C. Cara, V. Coudé du Foresto, O. Gravrand, F. Guellec, P. Lagage, J. Leclech, L. Mollard, V. Moreau, G. Morinaud, M. Ollivier, F. Pinsard, J. Zanatta, D. Zeganadin

Proceedings Volume 8442, 84421I (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.927146

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Mid-IR, Diodes, Telescopes, Interfaces, Electronics, Photodiodes, Spectroscopy, Space telescopes, Short wave infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2012 Paper

High-performance 640 x 512 pixel hybrid InGaAs image sensor for night vision

Eric De Borniol, Fabrice Guellec, Pierre Castelein, Anne Rouvié, Jean-Alexandre Robo, Jean-Luc Reverchon

Proceedings Volume 8353, 835307 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.921086

KEYWORDS: Cadmium sulfide, Electrons, Photodiodes, Capacitance, Indium gallium arsenide, Sensors, Image sensors, Amplifiers, Night vision, Readout integrated circuits

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2012 Paper

Linear photon-counting with HgCdTe APDs

Gautier Vojetta, Fabrice Guellec, Lydie Mathieu, Kevin Foubert, Philippe Feautrier, Johan Rothman

Proceedings Volume 8375, 83750Y (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.921869

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Readout integrated circuits, Mid-IR, Sensors, Short wave infrared radiation, Single photon, Electrons, Photodetectors, Signal to noise ratio

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SPIE Journal Paper | 22 May 2012

Active three-dimensional and thermal imaging with a 30-μm pitch 320×256 HgCdTe avalanche photodiode focal plane array

Eric De Borniol, Johan Rothman, Fabrice Guellec, Gautier Vojetta, Gérard Destéfanis, Olivier Pacaud

OE, Vol. 51, Issue 6, 061305, (May 2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.51.6.061305

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, 3D image processing, Pulsed laser operation, Avalanche photodetectors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Thermography, Readout integrated circuits, Avalanche photodiodes, LIDAR, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 15 February 2012 Paper

A low-noise 15-µm pixel-pitch 640x512 hybrid InGaAs image sensor for night vision

Fabrice Guellec, Sébastien Dubois, Eric de Borniol, Pierre Castelein, Sébastien Martin, Romain Guiguet, Michaël Tchagaspanian, Anne Rouvié, Philippe Bois

Proceedings Volume 8298, 82980C (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.912105

KEYWORDS: Cadmium sulfide, Sensors, Indium gallium arsenide, Capacitance, Night vision, Photodiodes, Image sensors, Readout integrated circuits, Amplifiers, Electrons

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Proceedings Article | 26 May 2011 Paper

Active THz imaging and explosive detection with uncooled antenna-coupled microbolometer arrays

J. Meilhan, B. Dupont, V. Goudon, G. Lasfargues, J Lalanne Dera, D. T. Nguyen, J. L. Ouvrier-Buffet, S. Pocas, T. Maillou, O. Cathabard, S. Barbieri, F. Simoens

Proceedings Volume 8023, 80230E (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.883898

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Bolometers, Quantum cascade lasers, Explosives, Antennas, Microbolometers, Resistance, Sensors, Absorption, Semiconducting wafers

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Proceedings Article | 21 May 2011 Paper

A 320x256 HgCdTe avalanche photodiode focal plane array for passive and active 2D and 3D imaging

Eric De Borniol, Pierre Castelein, Fabrice Guellec, Johan Rothman, Gautier Vojetta, Gérard Destéfanis, Michel Vuillermet

Proceedings Volume 8012, 801232 (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.884466

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Pulsed laser operation, 3D image processing, Readout integrated circuits, Avalanche photodetectors, Ranging, Mercury cadmium telluride, Avalanche photodiodes, Stereoscopy, Detector arrays

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Proceedings Article | 29 October 2010 Paper

HgCdTe APD-focal plane array development at DEFIR

Johan Rothman, Eric De Borniol, Olivier Gravrand, Sylvette Bisotto, Laurent Mollard, Fabrice Guellec, Frederic Pistone, Solène Courtas, Xavier Lefoule

Proceedings Volume 7834, 78340O (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.865482

KEYWORDS: Mercury cadmium telluride, Staring arrays, Avalanche photodetectors, Readout integrated circuits, Cadmium, Liquid phase epitaxy, Dispersion, Ultraviolet radiation, Medium wave, Mid-IR

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Proceedings Article | 28 October 2010 Paper

Experimental characterization of an infrared focal plane array for flash laser radar imaging

Eric de Borniol, Fabrice Guellec, Johan Rothman, André Perez, Nicolas Baier, Pierre Castelein, Gérard Destéfanis, Frédéric Pistone

Proceedings Volume 7834, 78340P (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.865954

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, 3D image processing, Pulsed laser operation, LIDAR, Avalanche photodetectors, Ranging, 3D metrology, Readout integrated circuits, Mercury cadmium telluride, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 28 October 2010 Paper

A 25µm pitch LWIR staring focal plane array with pixel-level 15-bit ADC ROIC achieving 2mK NETD

Sylvette Bisotto, Eric de Borniol, Laurent Mollard, Fabrice Guellec, Arnaud Peizerat, Michaël Tchagaspanian, Pierre Castelein, Patrick Maillart

Proceedings Volume 7834, 78340J (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.865062

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Long wavelength infrared, Staring arrays, Prototyping, Readout integrated circuits, Electrons, High dynamic range imaging, Photodiodes, Mercury cadmium telluride, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2010 Paper

HgCdTe-based APD focal plane array for 2D and 3D active imaging: first results on a 320 x 256 with 30 µm pitch demonstrator

Eric de Borniol, Fabrice Guellec, Johan Rothman, André Perez, Jean-Paul Zanatta, Michael Tchagaspanian, Pierre Castelein, Gérard Destéfanis, Jean-Christophe Peyrard, Frédéric Pistone

Proceedings Volume 7660, 76603D (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.850689

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Pulsed laser operation, Readout integrated circuits, LIDAR, 3D metrology, Ranging, Nonuniformity corrections, 3D image processing, Photons, Capacitors

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2010 Paper

A 25µm pitch LWIR focal plane array with pixel-level 15-bit ADC providing high well capacity and targeting 2mK NETD

Fabrice Guellec, Arnaud Peizerat, Michael Tchagaspanian, Eric De Borniol, Sylvette Bisotto, Laurent Mollard, Pierre Castelein, Jean-Paul Zanatta, Patrick Maillart, Michel Zecri, Jean-Christophe Peyrard

Proceedings Volume 7660, 76603T (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849684

KEYWORDS: Signal to noise ratio, Long wavelength infrared, Prototyping, Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, Sensors, Mercury cadmium telluride, Electro optics, Analog electronics, Interference (communication)

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Proceedings Article | 5 May 2008 Paper

HgCdTe APD- focal plane array development at CEA Leti-Minatec

Johan Rothman, Gwladys Perrais, Eric De Borniol, Pierre Castelein, Nicholas Baier, Fabrice Guellec, Michael Tchagaspanian, Philippe Ballet, Laurent Mollard, Sylvain Gout, André Perez, Maryse Fournier, Jean-Paul Chamonal, Philippe Tribolet, Gerard Destefanis

Proceedings Volume 6940, 69402N (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.780447

KEYWORDS: Avalanche photodetectors, Liquid phase epitaxy, Mercury cadmium telluride, Medium wave, Staring arrays, Readout integrated circuits, 3D image processing, 3D metrology, Stereoscopy, Diffusion

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We report the latest developments of MW HgCdTe electron initiated avalanche photo-diodes (e-APDs) focal plane arrays (FPAs) at CEA-LETI. The MW e-APD FPAs are developed in view of ultra-sensitive high dynamic range passive starring arrays, active 2D/3D and dual-mode passive-active imaging, which is why both the passive imaging performance and the gain characteristics of the APDs are of interest. A passive mode responsivity operability of 99.9% was measured in LPE and MBE e-APDs FPAs associated with an average NETD=12mK, demonstrating that dual mode passive-active imaging can be achieved with LETI e-APDs without degradation in the passive imaging performance. The gain and sensitivity performances were measured in test arrays and using a low voltage technology (3.3V) CTIA test pixel designed for 3D active imaging. The CTIA and test arrays measurements yielded comparable results in terms of bias gain dependence (M=100 at V_b=-7V), low excess noise factor (=1.2) and low equivalent input current (I_{eq_in}<1pA). These results validated the low voltage CTIA approach for integrating the current from a HgCdTe e-APD under high bias. The test array measurements demonstrated a relative dispersion below 2% in both MBE and LPE e- APDs for gains higher than M>100, associated with an operability of 99%. The operability at I_{eq_in}<1pA at M=30 was 95%. A record low value of Ieq_in=1fA was estimated in the MBE e-APDs at M=100, indicating the potential for using the MW e-APDs for very low flux applications. The high potential of the MW e-APDS for active imaging was demonstrated by impulse response measurements which yielded a typical rise time lower than 100ps and diffusion limited fall time of 900ps to 5ns, depending on the pixel pitch. This potential was confirmed by the demonstration of a 2ns time of flight (TOF) resolution in the CTIA e-APD 3D pixel. The combined photon and dark current induced equivalent back ground noise at f/8 with a cold band pass filter at λ=1.55μm was 2 electrons rms for an integration time of 50ns.

Proceedings Article | 5 May 2008 Paper

Advanced pixel design for infrared 3D LADAR imaging

Fabrice Guellec, Michaël Tchagaspanian, Eric de Borniol, Pierre Castelein, André Perez, Johan Rothman

Proceedings Volume 6940, 69402M (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.779284

KEYWORDS: Pulsed laser operation, LIDAR, 3D metrology, Avalanche photodetectors, Readout integrated circuits, Photons, 3D image processing, Ranging, Avalanche photodiodes, Analog electronics

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2007 Paper

Sigma-delta column-wise A/D conversion for cooled ROIC

F. Guellec, P. Villard, F. Rothan, L. Alacoque, C. Chancel, P. Martin, P. Castelein, P. Maillart, F. Pistone, P. Costa

Proceedings Volume 6542, 65423N (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.719171

KEYWORDS: Modulators, Digital filtering, Analog electronics, Readout integrated circuits, Amplifiers, Staring arrays, Signal to noise ratio, Indium nitride, Digital electronics, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2005 Paper

Demonstration of 256x256 dual-band QWIP infrared FPAs

P. Castelein, F. Guellec, F. Rothan, S. Martin, P. Bois, E. Costard, O. Huet, X. Marcadet, A. Nedelcu

Proceedings Volume 5783, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.606430

KEYWORDS: Quantum well infrared photodetectors, Long wavelength infrared, Mid-IR, Sensors, Niobium, Infrared radiation, Electro optics, Staring arrays, Infrared detectors, Infrared technology

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Showing 5 of 21 publications

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