Dr. James A. Chervenak Profile

Dr. James A. Chervenak

at NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (54)

SPIE Journal Paper | 20 October 2023 Open Access

Characterization of a hybrid array of single and multi-absorber transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters for the Line Emission Mapper

Nicholas Wakeham, Joseph Adams, Simon Bandler, James Chervenak, Renata Cumbee, Fred Finkbeiner, Joshua Fuhrman, Samuel Hull, Richard Kelley, Caroline Kilbourne, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen Smith, Edward Wassell, Sang Yoon

JATIS, Vol. 9, Issue 04, 041006, (October 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.041006

KEYWORDS: Design, X-rays, Time division multiplexing, Resistance, Equipment, Sensors, Detector arrays, Gold, Aluminum, Multiplexing

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SPIE Journal Paper | 19 October 2023 Open Access

Line emission mapper microcalorimeter spectrometer

Simon Bandler, Joseph Adams, Edward Amatucci, Edgar Canavan, James Chervenak, Renata Cumbee, Johannes P. Dercksen, Michael DiPirro, William Doriese, Megan Eckart, Manuel Gonzalez, Janice Houston, Brian Jackson, Amir Jahromi, Steven Kenyon, Caroline Kilbourne, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, Ralph Kraft, Xiaoyi Li, Maxim Markevitch, Dan McCammon, Jeffrey Olson, Elizabeth Osborne, Kazuhiro Sakai, Daniel Patnaude, Frederick Porter, Damien Prêle, Peter Shirron, Stephen Smith, Terrence Smith, Nicholas Wakeham, Henk van Weers

JATIS, Vol. 9, Issue 04, 041002, (October 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.041002

KEYWORDS: Tunable filters, Design, Sensors, Time division multiplexing, X-rays, Staring arrays, Cryocoolers, Spectroscopy, Equipment, Detector arrays

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SPIE Journal Paper | 18 October 2023 Open Access

Development of the microcalorimeter and anticoincidence detector for the Line Emission Mapper x-ray probe

Stephen Smith, Joseph Adams, Simon Bandler, Rachel Borrelli, James Chervenak, Renata Cumbee, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Fred Finkbeiner, Joshua Furhman, Samuel Hull, Richard L. Kelley, Caroline Kilbourne, Noah Kurinsky, Jennette Mateo, Asha Rani, Kazuhiro Sakai, Nicholas Wakeham, Edward Wassell, Sang Yoon

JATIS, Vol. 9, Issue 04, 041005, (October 2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.9.4.041005

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Design, Detector arrays, X-rays, Detector development, Time division multiplexing, Image resolution, Crosstalk, Calibration, Staring arrays

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Poster + Paper

A 50 mK test bench for demonstration of the readout chain of Athena/X-IFU

Florent Castellani, Sophie Beaumont, François Pajot, Gilles Roudil, Joseph Adams, Simon Bandler, James Chervenak, Christophe Daniel, Edward Denison, W. Bertrand Doriese, Michel Dupieux, Malcolm Durkin, Hervé Geoffray, Gene Hilton, David Murat, Yann Parot, Philippe Peille, Damien Prêle, Laurent Ravera, Carl Reintsema, Kazuhiro Sakai, Robert Stevens, Joel Ullom, Leila Vale, Nicholas Wakeham

Proceedings Volume 12181, 1218144 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2630323

KEYWORDS: Electronics, Time division multiplexing, X-rays, Prototyping, Photons, Multiplexing, Linear filtering

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Proceedings Article | 31 August 2022 Presentation + Paper

Design of the detection chain for Athena X-IFU

H. Geoffray, B. Jackson, S. Bandler, S. Smith, W. Doriese, M. Durkin, J. van der Kuur, B.-J. van Leeuwen, M. Kiviranta, D. Prêle, L. Ravera, Y. Parot, H. van Weers, J. W. den Herder, J. Adams, J. Chervenak, C. Reintsema, J. Ullom, F. Brachet, A. Ledot, P. Peille, D. Barret

Proceedings Volume 12181, 121810M (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2629960

KEYWORDS: Amplifiers, Electronics, Multiplexers, Staring arrays, Time division multiplexing, Sensors, X-rays, Multiplexing, Connectors, Switching

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation

Conceptual design of the detection chain for the X-IFU on Athena

Hervé Geoffray, Brian Jackson, Simon Bandler, W. Bertrand Doriese, Mikko Kirivanta, Damien Prêle, Laurent Ravera, Andrea Argan, Marco Barbera, Jan van der Kuur, Bert Joost van Leeuwen, Henk van Weers, Ruud Hoogeveen, Jan-Willem den herder, Stephen Smith, Joe Adams, James Chervenak, Malcom Durkin, Carl Reintsema, Joel Ullom, Yann Parot, Didier Barret, Claudio Macculi, Luigi Piro, Frank Brachet, Aurélien Ledot

Proceedings Volume 11444, 114440X (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2563628

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Detector arrays, Electronics, Environmental sensing, Aerospace engineering, Multiplexing, Fused deposition modeling

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Proceedings Article | 13 December 2020 Presentation

Frequency domain multiplexing technology of transition-edge sensors for x-ray astronomy

Hiroki Akamatsu, Davide Vaccaro, Luciano Gottardi, Jan van der Kuur, Cor de Vries, Simon Bandler, Marcel Bruijn, James Chervenak, Matteo D'Andrea, Jian-Rong Gao, Jan-Willem den Herder, Ruud W. Hoogeveen, Mikko Kiviranta, Anton van der Linden, Brian Jackson, Antoine Miniussi, Kenichiro Nagayoshi, Kevin Ravensberg, Marcel Ridder, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen Smith, Emanuele Taralli, Sven Visser, Nicholas Wakeham, Martin de Wit

Proceedings Volume 11444, 114440Y (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2561271

KEYWORDS: Multiplexing, Sensors, Fused deposition modeling, Sensor technology, X-ray astronomy, X-rays, Resonators, Observatories, Quantum efficiency, Spectral resolution

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SPIE Journal Paper | 31 May 2019 Open Access

Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter

Simon Bandler, James Chervenak, Aaron Datesman, Archana Devasia, Michael DiPirro, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen Smith, Thomas Stevenson, Wonsik Yoon, Douglas Bennett, Benjamin Mates, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Kent Irwin, Megan Eckart, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Dan McCammon, Kevin Ryu, Jeffrey Olson, Ben Zeiger

JATIS, Vol. 5, Issue 02, 021017, (May 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.5.2.021017

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Field effect transistors, Electronics, Microwave radiation, Staring arrays, Prototyping, Image resolution, Cryocoolers, Superconductors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 8 April 2019 Open Access

Multiabsorber transition-edge sensors for x-ray astronomy

Stephen J. Smith, Joseph Adams, Simon Bandler, James Chervenak, Aaron Datesman, Megan Eckart, Fred Finkbeiner, Ruslan Hummatov, Richard Kelley, Caroline Kilbourne, Antoine Miniussi, Frederick Porter, John Sadleir, Kazuhiro Sakai, Nicholas Wakeham, Edward Wassell

JATIS, Vol. 5, Issue 02, 021008, (April 2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.5.2.021008

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, X-ray astronomy, Image resolution, Gold, Lithium, Phonons, Signal to noise ratio, Digital filtering, Resistance

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

The focal plane assembly for the ATHENA x-ray integral field unit instrument (Conference Presentation)

Brian Jackson, Roland den Hartog, Jan van der Kuur, Henk van Weers, Hiroki Akamatsu, Andrea Argan, Simon Bandler, Marco Barbera, Didier Barret, Marcel Bruijn, James Chervenak, Johannes Dercksen, Flavio Gatti, Herve Geoffray, Luciano Gottardi, Jan-Willem den Herder, Ruud Hoogeveen, Caroline Kilbourne, Mikko Kiviranta, Bert-Joost van Leeuwen, Dennis van Loon, Claudio Macculi, Jean-Michel Mesnager, Phillipe Peille, Luigi Piro, Stephen Smith, Francoise Douchin

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106991O (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313980

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Staring arrays, X-ray imaging, Environmental sensing, Observatories, Spectral resolution, Superconductors, Electronics, Particles

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

Transition-edge sensor array development for the ATHENA x-ray itegral field unit (Conference Presentation)

Stephen Smith, Joesph Adams, Simon Bandler, James Chervenak, Megan Eckart, Fred Finkbeiner, Richard Kelley, Caroline Kilbourne, Antoine Miniussi, F. Scott Porter, John Sadleir, Kazuhiro Sakai, Nicholas Wakeham, Edward Wassell, Wonsik Yoon, Hiroki Akamatsu, Luciano Gottardi, Roland den Hartog, Brian Jackson, Jan van der Kuur

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106991L (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313428

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Transition metals, Observatories, Spectral resolution, Multiplexing, Fused deposition modeling, Telescopes, Metals

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The X-ray integral field unit (X-IFU) proposed for ESA’s Athena X-ray observatory will consist of 3840 transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters optimized for the energy range of 0.2 to 12 keV. The instrument will provide unprecedented spectral resolution of ~ 2.5 eV at energies of up to 7 keV and will accommodate photon fluxes of 10’s mcrab (1000’s cps). Over the past two years the baseline configuration has evolved from the original proposal. The current baseline consists of a uniform large pixel array (LPA) of 5” pixels, AC-biased within their superconducting-to-normal transition and read out using frequency domain multiplexing (FDM). The baseline pixel design is approximately a factor of two times slower than in the original concept. High count-rate accommodation, needed for bright point source observations, is now achieved by defocusing the telescope optic to spread the photons over a larger number of pixels. In this paper we report on Mo/Au TES designs that are being optimized to meet the baseline pixel parameters and performance goals. This includes detailed studies on the optimization of the thermal heat sink and the impact of different TES geometries (including TES size and normal metal feature geometries) on the DC-biased transition shape. We discuss how these geometric effects ultimately impact important performance metrics such as energy resolution, decay time, slew-rate and array scale uniformity. Our Mo/Au TESs have historically been designed and optimized for DC-biased operation, however, the primary readout technology uses an AC drive to bias the TES. Depending upon the drive frequency, the AC bias affects the TES transition shape in two ways. Firstly, due to losses from the bias current coupling to metallic components in close proximity to the TES and secondly introducing fine structure in the transition due to Josephson effects. We present latest pixel design optimizations targeted at mitigating these frequency dependent effects in order to achieve commensurate performance with that obtained in the DC case.

Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

Development of frequency domain multiplexing for the x-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) (Conference Presentation)

Hiroki Akamatsu, L. Gottardi, J. van der Kuur, C.P. de Vries, M. Bruijn, J. Chervenak, M. Kiviranta, A. van den Linden, B. Jackson, A. Miniussi, K. Sakai, S. Smith, N. Wakeham

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106991N (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2313284

KEYWORDS: Fused deposition modeling, Multiplexing, X-rays, Sensors, Resonators, Performance modeling, Observatories, Quantum efficiency, Spectral resolution, Electronics

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Proceedings Article | 10 July 2018 Presentation

Time- and code-division SQUID multiplexing options for ATHENA X-IFU (Conference Presentation)

Joel Ullom, J. Adams, B. Alpert, S. Bandler, D. Bennett, S. Chaudhuri, J. Chervenak, E. Denison, C. Dawson, W. Doriese, M. Durkin, J. Fowler, J Gard, G. Hilton, K. Irwin, Y. Joe, C. Kilbourne, J. Mates, K. Morgan, G. O'Neil, C. Reintsema, D. Schmidt, S. Smith, D. Swetz, C. Titus, L. Vale, B. Young

Proceedings Volume 10699, 106991P (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2314111

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Time division multiplexing, Code division multiplexing, Multiplexing, Sensors, Multiplexers, Gamma radiation, Synchrotrons, Light sources, Spectrometers

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SQUID Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a technique for the readout of arrays of Transition-Edge Sensors (TESs) for x-ray and gamma-ray science. TDM has been deployed in many recent 250-pixel-scale instruments including at synchrotron light sources and particle-accelerator facilities, as well as in table-top experiments. Two TES spectrometers employing TDM readout will soon be deployed to electron-beam ion-trap facilities. TDM is also under development as a back-up readout option for the X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) of the Athena satellite mission. The 3,840 TES pixels of the X-IFU will enable efficient, high resolution spectroscopy (2.5 eV FWHM at 7 keV) of extended astrophysical sources. Multiplexing factors of 40 or more sensors per readout column are planned for the X-IFU. To advance the maturity of TDM readout for Athena, we are creating a focal-plane assembly for the readout of 960 TES pixels in a 24 column by 40 row configuration. We will describe the design and experimental progress on this technology demonstrator. In a TDM system, each dc-biased TES has its own first-stage SQUID. Rows of these first-stage-SQUIDs are turned on and off sequentially such that the signal from only one TES at a time per readout column is passed to a series-array SQUID, to a room-temperature preamplifier, and to digital-feedback electronics. Recent implementations of TDM have a row period of 160 ns and non-multiplexed amplifier noise of 0.19 micro-Phi_0/sqrt(Hz) referred to the first-stage SQUID. Some benchmark demonstrations of TDM with x-ray TES sensors include achievement of 2.55 eV FWHM energy resolution at 5.9 keV in a 32-row, 1-column configuration. Here, the fastest slew rates in the TES currents were similar to those of the X-IFU “LPA2” detector model. We have also achieved 2.72 eV FWHM resolution in a 32-row, 6-column configuration that contained 144 high-quality TESs that were similar to the much faster X-IFU “LPA1” pixels. We will describe on-going efforts to read out TDM arrays at the 6x32 scale and larger, as well as efforts to improve the performance of TDM system subcomponents. We will also describe system-level performance metrics such as cross-talk. SQUID Code-Division Multiplexing (CDM) is closely related to TDM but has important performance advantages. CDM and TDM operation are similar with the main difference being that in CDM, all TESs are observed by the multiplexer at all times, with the polarity of the TES signals switched between rows. Because all TESs are observed by the multiplexer at all times, the sqrt(N_rows) noise-aliasing degradation inherent to TDM is eliminated. We are developing flux-summing CDM to be drop-in compatible with existing TDM systems. The most recent CDM implementation has a nonmultiplexed noise level of 0.17 micro-Phi_0/sqrt(Hz) referred to the first-stage SQUID and a row period of 160 ns. We have demonstrated 2.77 eV FWM resolution at 5.9 keV in 32-row, 1-column CDM test.

SPIE Journal Paper | 23 February 2018 Open Access

Design, implementation, and performance of the Astro-H SXS calorimeter array and anticoincidence detector

Caroline Kilbourne, Joseph Adams, Regis Brekosky, James Chervenak, Meng Chiao, Megan Eckart, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Christoph Grein, Christine Jhabvala, Daniel Kelly, Maurice Leutenegger, Daniel McCammon, F. Scott Porter, Andrew Szymkowiak, Tomomi Watanabe, Jun Zhao

JATIS, Vol. 4, Issue 01, 011214, (February 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JATIS.4.1.011214

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Gold, X-rays, Silicon, Resistance, Resistors, Mercury, Detector arrays, Spectral resolution, Particles

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Proceedings Article | 20 July 2016 Paper

Transition-edge sensor pixel parameter design of the microcalorimeter array for the x-ray integral field unit on Athena

S. Smith, J. Adams, S. Bandler, G. Betancourt-Martinez, J. Chervenak, M. Chiao, M. Eckart, F. Finkbeiner, R. Kelley, C. Kilbourne, A. Miniussi, F. Porter, J. Sadleir, K. Sakai, N. Wakeham, E. Wassell, W. Yoon, D. Bennett, W. Doriese, J. Fowler, G. Hilton, K. Morgan, C. Pappas, C. Reintsema, D. Swetz, J. Ullom, K. Irwin, H. Akamatsu, L. Gottardi, R. den Hartog, B. Jackson, J. van der Kuur, D. Barret, P. Peille

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99052H (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231749

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Multiplexing, Sensors, Staring arrays, Cryogenics, Helium, Magnetism, Photons, Temperature metrology, Resistance

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2016 Paper

Development of x-ray microcalorimeter imaging spectrometers for the X-ray Surveyor mission concept

Simon Bandler, Joseph Adams, James Chervenak, Aaron Datesman, Megan Eckart, Fred Finkbeiner, Richard Kelley, Caroline Kilbourne, Gabriele Betancourt-Martinez, Antoine Miniussi, Frederick Porter, John Sadleir, Kazuhiro Sakai, Stephen Smith, Thomas Stevenson, Nicholas Wakeham, Edward Wassell, Wonsik Yoon, Dan Becker, Douglas Bennett, William Doriese, Joseph Fowler, Johnathan Gard, Gene Hilton, Benjamin Mates, Kelsey Morgan, Carl Reintsema, Daniel Swetz, Joel Ullom, Saptarshi Chaudhuri, Kent Irwin, Sang-Jun Lee, Alexey Vikhlinin

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99050Q (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232156

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Tantalum, Superconductors, Computer aided design, Silver, Matrices, Field effect transistors, Electronics, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2016 Paper

Development of frequency domain multiplexing for the X-ray Integral Field unit (X-IFU) on the Athena

Hiroki Akamatsu, Luciano Gottardi, Jan van der Kuur, Cor de Vries, Kevin Ravensberg, Joseph Adams, Simon Bandler, Marcel Bruijn, James Chervenak, Caroline Kilbourne, Mikko Kiviranta, A. J. van der Linden, Brian Jackson, Stephen Smith

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99055S (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232805

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Particles, Electrons, Photons, Monte Carlo methods, Solar energy, Magnetism, Bismuth, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2016 Paper

The focal plane assembly for the Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit instrument

B. Jackson, H. van Weers, J. van der Kuur, R. den Hartog, H. Akamatsu, A. Argan, S. Bandler, M. Barbera, D. Barret, M. Bruijn, J. Chervenak, J. Dercksen, F. Gatti, L. Gottardi, D. Haas, J.-W. den Herder, C. Kilbourne, M. Kiviranta, T. Lam-Trong, B.-J. van Leeuwen, C. Macculi, L. Piro, S. Smith

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99052I (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2232544

KEYWORDS: Staring arrays, Sensors, Electronics, X-rays, Sensors, Amplifiers, Magnetic sensors, Magnetism, Multiplexing, Particles, Superconductors

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2016 Paper

The design, implementation, and performance of the Atro-H SXS calorimeter array and anti-coincidence detector

Caroline Kilbourne, Joseph Adams, Regis Brekosky, James Chervenak, Meng Chiao, Megan Eckart, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Christoph Grein, Christine Jhabvala, Richard Kelley, Daniel Kelly, Maurice Leutenegger, Dan McCammon, F. Porter, Andrew Szymkowiak, Tomomi Watanabe, Jun Zhao

Proceedings Volume 9905, 99053L (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2231415

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Detector arrays, X-rays, Detector arrays, Helium, Liquids, Cryocoolers, Switches, Observatories, X-ray telescopes, Cryogenics

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Proceedings Article | 25 September 2014 Paper

The transition-edge EBIT microcalorimeter spectrometer

Gabriele Betancourt-Martinez, Joseph Adams, Simon Bandler, Peter Beiersdorfer, Gregory Brown, James Chervenak, Randy Doriese, Megan Eckart, Kent Irwin, Richard Kelley, Caroline Kilbourne, Maurice Leutenegger, F. Porter, Carl Reintsema, Stephen Smith, Joel Ullom

Proceedings Volume 9144, 91443U (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2055568

KEYWORDS: Transmission electron microscopy, Spectroscopy, Ions, Sensors, Electron beams, X-rays, Image resolution, Multiplexing, Time division multiplexing, Superconductors

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Proceedings Article | 9 August 2010 Paper

The detector subsystem for the SXS instrument on the ASTRO-H Observatory

F. Porter, J. Adams, G. Brown, J. Chervenak, M. Chiao, R. Fujimoto, Y. Ishisaki, R. Kelley, C. Kilbourne, D. McCammon, K. Mitsuda, T. Ohashi, A. Szymkowiak, Y. Takei, M. Tashiro, N. Yamasaki

Proceedings Volume 7732, 77323J (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857888

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Field effect transistors, Resistors, Detector arrays, X-rays, Lead, Helium, Observatories, X-ray detectors, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 30 July 2010 Paper

High-spectral resolution high-cadence imaging x-ray microcalorimeters for solar physics

Simon Bandler, Catherine Bailey, Jay Bookbinder, Edward DeLuca, Jay Chervenak, Megan Eckart, Fred Finkbeiner, Daniel Kelley, Richard Kelley, Caroline Kilbourne, Frederick Porter, John Sadleir, Stephen Smith, Randall Smith

Proceedings Volume 7732, 773238 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857783

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Solar processes, Plasma, Image resolution, Solar energy, Gold, Imaging spectroscopy, Rockets, X-ray imaging

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2010 Paper

The x-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer onboard of IXO

J. W. den Herder, R. Kelley, K. Mitsuda, L. Piro, S. Bandler, P. Bastia, K. Boyce, M. Bruin, J. Chervenak, L. Colasanti, W. B. Doriese, M. DiPirro, M. Eckart, Y. Ezoe, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, L. Ferrari, R. Fujimoto, F. Gatti, K. Gendreau, L. Gottardi, R. den Hartog, G. Hilton, H. Hoevers, K. Irwin, Y. Ishisaki, A. Kashani, C. Kilbourne, P. de Korte, J. van der Kuur, C. Macculi, T. Mineo, J. H. Nieland, T. Ohashi, S. Paltani, E. Perinati, F. Porter, P. Shirron, S. Smith, Y. Takei, M. Tashiro, G. Torrioli, M. Tsujimoto, H. van Weers, N. Yamasaki

Proceedings Volume 7732, 77321H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856018

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Image resolution, Magnetism, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution, Multiplexing, Cooling systems, Magnetic sensors, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2010 Paper

Development of superconducting transition edge sensors based on electron-phonon decoupling

Nikhil Jethava, James Chervenak, Ari-David Brown, Dominic Benford, Gunther Kletetschka, Vilem Mikula, Kongpop U-yen

Proceedings Volume 7741, 774120 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856450

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Bismuth, Niobium, Superconductors, Electrons, Gold, Bolometers, Terahertz radiation, Antennas, Phonons

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2010 Paper

Compact radiative control structures for millimeter astronomy

Ari Brown, David Chuss, James Chervenak, Ross Henry, S. Harvey Moseley, Edward Wollack

Proceedings Volume 7741, 77412C (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858174

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Dielectrics, Semiconducting wafers, Antireflective coatings, Ions, Phosphorus, Resistance, Deep reactive ion etching, Astronomy, Sensors

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Proceedings Article | 28 July 2008 Paper

MUSTANG: 90 GHz science with the Green Bank Telescope

S. Dicker, P. Korngut, B. Mason, P. Ade, J. Aguirre, T. Ames, D. Benford, T. Chen, J. Chervenak, W. Cotton, M. Devlin, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, K. Irwin, S. Maher, M. Mello, S. Moseley, D. Tally, C. Tucker, S. White

Proceedings Volume 7020, 702005 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788361

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Bolometers, Receivers, Telescopes, Electronics, Optical filters, Bandpass filters, Multiplexing, Radio astronomy, Astronomy

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Proceedings Article | 21 July 2008 Paper

Systems and control software for the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

E. Switzer, C. Allen, M. Amiri, J. Appel, E. Battistelli, B. Burger, J. Chervenak, A. Dahlen, S. Das, M. Devlin, S. Dicker, W. Doriese, R. Dünner, T. Essinger-Hileman, X. Gao, M. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, G. Hilton, A. Hincks, K. Irwin, S. Knotek, R. Fisher, J. Fowler, N. Jarosik, M. Kaul, J. Klein, J. Lau, M. Limon, R. Lupton, T. Marriage, K. Martocci, S. Moseley, C. Netterfield, M. Niemack, M. Nolta, L. Page, L. Parker, B. Reid, C. Reintsema, A. Sederberg, J. Sievers, D. Spergel, S. Staggs, O. Stryzak, D. Swetz, R. Thornton, E. Wollack, Y. Zhao

Proceedings Volume 7019, 70192L (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790006

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Computing systems, Cameras, Data acquisition, Space telescopes, Sensors, Computer programming, Control systems, Cryogenics, Human-machine interfaces

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Proceedings Article | 19 July 2008 Paper

The effects of the mechanical performance and alignment of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope on the sensitivity of microwave observations

A. Hincks, P. A. R. Ade, C. Allen, M. Amiri, J. Appel, E. Battistelli, B. Burger, J. Chervenak, A. Dahlen, S. Denny, M. Devlin, S. Dicker, W. Doriese, R. Dünner, T. Essinger-Hileman, R. Fisher, J. Fowler, M. Halpern, P. Hargrave, M. Hasselfield, G. Hilton, K. Irwin, N. Jarosik, M. Kaul, J. Klein, J. Lau, M. Limon, R. Lupton, T. Marriage, K. Martocci, P. Mauskopf, S. Moseley, C. Netterfield, M. Niemack, M. Nolta, L. Page, L. Parker, A. Sederberg, S. Staggs, O. Stryzak, D. Swetz, E. Switzer, R. Thornton, C. Tucker, E. Wollack, Y. Zhao

Proceedings Volume 7020, 70201P (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790020

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Telescopes, Space telescopes, Solids, Physics, Sensors, Microwave radiation, Planets, Connectors, Astronomical telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2008 Paper

Opto-mechanical design and performance of a compact three-frequency camera for the Millimeter Bolometer Array Camera on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

R. Thornton, P. A. R. Ade, C. Allen, M. Amiri, J. Appel, E. Battistelli, B. Burger, J. Chervenak, M. Devlin, S. Dicker, W. Doriese, T. Essinger-Hileman, R. Fisher, J. Fowler, M. Halpern, P. Hargrave, M. Hasselfield, G. Hilton, A. Hincks, K. Irwin, N. Jarosik, M. Kaul, J. Klein, J. Lau, M. Limon, T. Marriage, K. Martocci, P. Mauskopf, S. Moseley, M. Niemack, L. Page, L. Parker, J. Reidel, C. Reintsema, S. Staggs, O. Stryzak, D. Swetz, E. Switzer, C. Tucker, E. Wollack, Y. Zhao

Proceedings Volume 7020, 70201R (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790078

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Telescopes, Cameras, Magnetism, Bolometers, Optical filters, Space telescopes, Thermography, Linear filtering, Physics

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2008 Paper

Characterization of transition edge sensors for the Millimeter Bolometer Array Camera on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

Y. Zhao, C. Allen, M. Amiri, J. Appel, E. Battistelli, B. Burger, J. Chervenak, A. Dahlen, S. Denny, M. Devlin, S. Dicker, W. Doriese, R. Dünner, T. Essinger-Hileman, R. Fisher, J. Fowler, M. Halpern, G. Hilton, A. Hincks, K. Irwin, N. Jarosik, J. Klein, J. Lau, T. Marriage, K. Martocci, S. Moseley, M. Niemack, L. Page, L. Parker, A. Sederberg, S. Staggs, O. Stryzak, D. Swetz, E. Switzer, R. Thornton, E. Wollack

Proceedings Volume 7020, 70200O (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789864

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, Silicon, Data modeling, Sensors, Resistance, Thermal modeling, Cameras, Calcium, Telescopes, Cesium

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Instrument design and characterization of the Millimeter Bolometer Array Camera on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope

D. Swetz, P. A. R. Ade, C. Allen, M. Amiri, J. Appel, E. Battistelli, B. Burger, J. Chervenak, A. Dahlen, S. Das, S. Denny, M. Devlin, S. Dicker, W. Doriese, R. Dünner, T. Essinger-Hileman, R. Fisher, J. Fowler, X. Gao, A. Hajian, M. Halpern, P. Hargrave, M. Hasselfield, G. Hilton, A. Hincks, K. Irwin, N. Jarosik, M. Kaul, J. Klein, S. Knotek, J. Lau, M. Limon, R. Lupton, T. Marriage, K. Martocci, P. Mauskopf, S. Moseley, C. Netterfield, M. Niemack, M. Nolta, L. Page, L. Parker, B. Reid, C. Reintsema, A. Sederberg, N. Sehgal, J. Sievers, D. Spergel, S. Staggs, O. Stryzak, E. Switzer, R. Thornton, C. Tucker, E. Wollack, Y. Zhao

Proceedings Volume 7020, 702008 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.789876

KEYWORDS: Telescopes, Cryogenics, Sensors, Receivers, Bolometers, Cameras, Optical instrument design, Physics, Space telescopes, Optical components

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

Development of arrays of position-sensitive microcalorimeters for Constellation-X

Stephen Smith, Simon Bandler, Regis Brekosky, Ari-D. Brown, James Chervenak, Megan Eckart, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Fred Finkbeiner, Richard Kelley, Caroline Kilbourne, F. Scott Porter, John Sadleir

Proceedings Volume 7011, 701126 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790100

KEYWORDS: Image resolution, Semiconducting wafers, Sensors, Tellurium, Gold, X-rays, Composites, Bismuth, Optimal filtering, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 14 July 2008 Paper

Multiplexed readout of uniform arrays of TES x-ray microcalorimeters suitable for Constellation-X

Caroline Kilbourne, W. Bertrand Doriese, Simon Bandler, Regis Brekosky, Ari-David Brown, James Chervenak, Megan Eckart, Fred Finkbeiner, Gene Hilton, Kent Irwin, Naoko Iyomoto, Richard Kelley, F. Scott Porter, Carl Reintsema, Stephen Smith, Joel Ullom

Proceedings Volume 7011, 701104 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790027

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Multiplexing, Multiplexers, Image resolution, X-rays, Superconductors, Terbium, Signal to noise ratio, Inductance, Staring arrays

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Following our development of a superconducting transition-edge-sensor (TES) microcalorimeter design that en- ables reproducible, high performance (routinely better than 3 eV FWHM energy resolution at 6 keV) and is compatible with high-fill-factor arrays, we have directed our efforts towards demonstrating arrays of identical pixels using the multiplexed read-out concept needed for instrumenting the Constellation-X X-ray Microcalorime- ter Spectrometer (XMS) focal plane array. We have used a state-of-the-art, time-division SQUID multiplexer system to demonstrate 2 ×8 multiplexing (16 pixels read out with two signal channels) with an acceptably modest level of degradation in the energy resolution. The average resolution for the 16 multiplexed pixels was 2.9 eV, and the distribution of resolution values had a relative standard deviation of 5%. The performance of the array while multiplexed is well understood. The technical path to realizing multiplexing for the XMS instrument on the scale of 32 pixels per signal channel includes increasing the system bandwidth by a factor of four and reducing the non-multiplexed SQUID noise by a factor of two. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of a uniform 8 ×8 array and its performance when read out non- multiplexed and with various degrees of multiplexing. We present data acquired through the readout chain from the multiplexer electronics, through the real-time demultiplexer software, to storage for later signal processing. We also report on a demonstration of real-time data processing. Finally, because the multiplexer provides unprecedented simultaneous access to the pixels of the array, we were able to measure the array-scale uniformity of TES calorimeter parameters such as the individual thermal conductances and superconducting transition temperatures of the pixels. Detector uniformity is essential for optimal operation of a multiplexed array, and we found that the distributions of thermal conductances, transition temperatures, and transition slopes were sufficiently tight to avoid significant compromises in the operation of any pixel.

Proceedings Article | 18 September 2007 Paper

Uniform high spectral resolution demonstrated in arrays of TES x-ray microcalorimeters

Caroline Kilbourne, Simon Bandler, Ari -D. Brown, James Chervenak, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Fred Finkbeiner, Naoko Iyomoto, Richard Kelley, F. Scott Porter, Stephen Smith

Proceedings Volume 6686, 668606 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.734830

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Gold, Sensors, Bismuth, Resistance, Superconductors, Spectral resolution, Quantum efficiency, Temperature metrology, Interference (communication)

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2006 Paper

First astronomical images with a multiplexed superconducting bolometer array

Dominic Benford, Johannes Staguhn, Troy Ames, Christine Allen, James Chervenak, Catherine Kennedy, Sebastien Lefranc, Stephen Maher, S. Harvey Moseley, François Pajot, Cyrille Rioux, Richard Shafer, George Voellmer

Proceedings Volume 6275, 62751C (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672365

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Sensors, Superconductors, Multiplexing, Calibration, Astronomy, Data acquisition, Spectral resolution, Detector arrays

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Proceedings Article | 6 July 2006 Paper

A 90-GHz bolometer array for the Green Bank Telescope

S. Dicker, J. Abrahams, P. A. R. Ade, T. Ames, D. Benford, T. Chen, J. Chervenak, M. Devlin, K. Irwin, P. Korngut, S. Maher, B. Mason, M. Mello, S. Moseley, R. Norrod, R. Shafer, J. Staguhn, D. Talley, C. Tucker, B. Werner, S. White

Proceedings Volume 6275, 62751B (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672166

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Bolometers, Telescopes, Receivers, Superconductors, Space telescopes, Electronics, Multiplexers, Multiplexing, Adsorption

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Proceedings Article | 16 June 2006 Paper

Far infrared through millimeter backshort-under-grid arrays

Christine Allen, John Abrahams, Dominic Benford, James Chervenak, David Chuss, Johannes Staguhn, Timothy Miller, S. Harvey Moseley, Edward Wollack

Proceedings Volume 6275, 62750B (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672125

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Bolometers, Multiplexers, Indium, Semiconducting wafers, Molybdenum, Gold, Etching, Metals, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 15 June 2006 Paper

Expanding the Constellation-X field of view with position-sensitive x-ray microcalorimeters

E. Figueroa-Feliciano, S. Bandler, K. Boyce, R. Brekosky, J. Chervenak, F. Finkbeiner, N. Iyomoto, R. Kelley, C. Kilbourne, F. Porter, T. Saab, J. Sadleir

Proceedings Volume 6276, 627615 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672257

KEYWORDS: Photons, Sensors, X-rays, Multiplexers, Point spread functions, Multiplexing, Staring arrays, Physics, Amplifiers, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

High-density arrays of x-ray microcalorimeters for Constellation-X

Caroline Kilbourne, Simon Bandler, Ari Brown, James Chervenak, Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Fred Finkbeiner, Naoko Iyomoto, Richard Kelley, F. Scott Porter, Tarek Saab, John Sadleir, Jennifer White

Proceedings Volume 6266, 626621 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672419

KEYWORDS: Bismuth, Gold, X-rays, Diffusion, Sensors, Interfaces, Superconductors, Copper, Molybdenum, Metals

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