Dr. Pieter A. J. de Korte Profile

Dr. Pieter A. J. de Korte

Retired at SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (31)

Proceedings Article | 25 July 2014 Paper

Requirements for the detectors and read-out of ATHENA X-IFU

R. den Hartog, D. Barret, L. Gottardi, J.-W. den Herder, B. Jackson, P. de Korte, J. van der Kuur, B.-J. van Leeuwen, D. van Loon, A. Nieuwenhuizen, L. Ravera

Proceedings Volume 9144, 91445Q (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2056434

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Resistance, Image resolution, Photons, Modulation, X-ray detectors, X-rays, Multiplexing, Radon, Detector arrays

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Proceedings Article | 17 September 2012 Paper

The x-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer onboard Athena

J. den Herder, D. Bagnali, S. Bandler, M. Barbera, X. Barcons, D. Barret, P. Bastia, M. Bisotti, K. Boyce, C. Cara, M. Ceballos, L. Corcione, B. Cobo, L. Colasanti, J. de Plaa, M. DiPirro, W. Doriese, Y. Ezoe, R. Fujimoto, F. Gatti, L. Gottardi, P. Guttridge, R. den Hartog, I. Hepburn, R. Kelley, K. Irwin, Y. Ishisaki, C. Kilbourne, P. A. de Korte, J. van der Kuur, S. Lotti, C. Macculi, K. Mitsuda, T. Mineo, L. Natalucci, T. Ohashi, M. Page, S. Paltani, E. Perinati, L. Piro, C. Pigot, F. Porter, G. Rauw, L. Ravera, E. Renotte, J.-L. Sauvageot, C. Schmid, S. Sciortino, P. Shirron, Y. Takei, G. Torrioli, M. Tsujimoto, L. Valenziano, D. Willingale, C. de Vries, H. van Weers, J. Wilms, N. Yamasaki

Proceedings Volume 8443, 84432B (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.924269

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Spectral resolution, Multiplexing, Electronics, Image resolution, Spectroscopy, Spatial resolution, Photons, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 29 July 2010 Paper

The x-ray microcalorimeter spectrometer onboard of IXO

J. W. den Herder, R. Kelley, K. Mitsuda, L. Piro, S. Bandler, P. Bastia, K. Boyce, M. Bruin, J. Chervenak, L. Colasanti, W. B. Doriese, M. DiPirro, M. Eckart, Y. Ezoe, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, L. Ferrari, R. Fujimoto, F. Gatti, K. Gendreau, L. Gottardi, R. den Hartog, G. Hilton, H. Hoevers, K. Irwin, Y. Ishisaki, A. Kashani, C. Kilbourne, P. de Korte, J. van der Kuur, C. Macculi, T. Mineo, J. H. Nieland, T. Ohashi, S. Paltani, E. Perinati, F. Porter, P. Shirron, S. Smith, Y. Takei, M. Tashiro, G. Torrioli, M. Tsujimoto, H. van Weers, N. Yamasaki

Proceedings Volume 7732, 77321H (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.856018

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Image resolution, Magnetism, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution, Multiplexing, Cooling systems, Magnetic sensors, Optical filters

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2008 Paper

Development of transition edge superconducting bolometers for the SAFARI far-infrared spectrometer on the SPICA space-borne telescope

Philip Mauskopf, Dmitry Morozov, Dorota Glowacka, David Goldie, Stafford Withington, Marcel Bruijn, Piet DeKorte, Henk Hoevers, Marcel Ridder, Jan Van Der Kuur, Jian-Rong Gao

Proceedings Volume 7020, 70200N (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788976

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Silicon, Phonons, Bolometers, Superconductors, Temperature metrology, Fourier transforms, Space telescopes, Spectroscopy, Telescopes

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

The XEUS focal plane instruments

Piet de Korte, Lothar Strüder, Didier Barret, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Lionel Duband, Didier Martin, Arvind Parmar, Luigi Piro, Tadayuki Takahashi, Dick Willingale

Proceedings Volume 7011, 70110A (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.790357

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Spatial resolution, X-rays, Mirrors, Silicon, Semiconducting wafers, Space operations, X-ray optics, Image resolution, Bohrium

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Proceedings Article | 15 July 2008 Paper

EURECA: a European-Japanese microcalorimeter array

Piet de Korte, Jose Anquita, Xavier Barcons, Paolo Bastia, Joern Beyer, Fernando Briones, Marcel Bruijn, Javier Bussons, Augustin Camón, F. Carrera, Maria Teresa Ceballos, Luca Colasanti, Bob Dirks, Dietmar Drung, Lourdes Fabrega, Flavio Gatti, Raquel Gonzalez-Arrabal, Luciano Gottardi, Wojtek Hajdas, Panu Helistö, Jan-Willem den Herder, Henk Hoevers, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Mikko Kiviranta, Jan van der Kuur, Claudio Macculi, Aliko Mchedlishvili, Kazu Mitsuda, Stéphane Paltani, Maria Parra-Borderías, Luigi Piro, Reiner Rohlfs, Javier Sese, Yoh Takei, Guido Torrioli, Noriko Yamasaki

Proceedings Volume 7011, 701122 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.788963

KEYWORDS: Fused deposition modeling, Electronics, X-rays, Amplifiers, Detector arrays, Feedback loops, Sensors, X-ray astronomy, Head, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 3 October 2007 Paper

EDGE: explorer of diffuse emission and gamma-ray burst explosions

J. den Herder, L. Piro, T. Ohashi, L. Amati, J. Atteia, S. Barthelmy, M. Barbera, D. Barret, S. Basso, M. Boer, S. Borgani, O. Boyarskiy, E. Branchini, G. Branduardi-Raymont, M. Briggs, G. Brunetti, C. Budtz-Jorgensenf, D. Burrows, S. Campana, E. Caroli, G. Chincarini, F. Christensen, M. Cocchi, A. Comastri, A. Corsi, V. Cotroneo, P. Conconi, L. Colasanti, G. Cusamano, A. de Rosa, M. Del Santo, S. Ettori, Y. Ezoe, L. Ferrari, M. Feroci, M. Finger, G. Fishman, R. Fujimoto, M. Galeazzi, A. Galli, F. Gatti, N. Gehrels, B. Gendre, G. Ghirlanda, G. Ghisellini, P. Giommi, M. Girardi, L. Guzzo, F. Haardt, I. Hepburn, W. Hermsen, H. Hoevers, A. Holland, J. In't Zand, Y. Ishisaki, H. Kawahara, N. Kawai, J. Kaastra, M. Kippen, P. A. J. de Korte, C. Kouveliotou, A. Kusenko, C. Labanti, R. Lieu, C. Macculi, K. Makishima, G. Matt, P. Mazotta, D. McCammon, M. Méndez, T. Mineo, S. Mitchell, K. Mitsuda, S. Molendi, L. Moscardini, R. Mushotzky, L. Natalucci, F. Nicastro, P. O'Brien, J. Osborne, F. Paerels, M. Page, S. Paltani, G. Pareschi, E. Perinati, C. Perola, T. Ponman, A. Rasmussen, M. Roncarelli, P. Rosati, O. Ruchayskiy, E. Quadrini, I. Sakurai, R. Salvaterra, S. Sasaki, G. Sato, J. Schaye, J. Schmidtt, S. Scioritino, M. Shaposhnikov, K. Shinozaki, D. Spiga, Y. Suto, G. Tagliaferri, T. Takahashi, Y. Takei, Y. Tawara, P. Tozzi, H. Tsunemi, T. Tsuru, P. Ubertini, E. Ursino, M. Viel, J. Vink, N. White, R. Willingale, R. Wijers, K. Yoshikawa, N. Yamasaki

Proceedings Volume 6688, 668805 (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.729457

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Absorption, Spatial resolution, Stars, Mirrors, Gamma radiation, X-rays, Galaxy groups and clusters, Spectral resolution, Metals

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

XEUS: the x-ray evolving universe spectroscopy mission

A. Parmar, M. Arnaud, X. Barcons, J. Bleeker, G. Hasinger, H. Kunieda, G. Palumbo, T. Takahashi, M. Turner, P. de Korte, R. Willingale, N. Rando, A. Lyngvi, P. Gondoin, D. Lumb, M. Bavdaz, P. Verhoeve

Proceedings Volume 6266, 62661R (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.674336

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Space operations, Mirrors, Spectral resolution, Dye sensitized solar cells, Spatial resolution, X-ray optics, Space telescopes, Cryogenics

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

EURECA: a European-Japanese micro-calorimeter array

Piet de Korte, Jose Anquita, Xavier Barcons, Paolo Bastia, Joern Beyer, Fernando Briones, Chris Brockley Blatt, Marcel Bruijn, Javier Bussons, Augustin Camon, M. Teresa Ceballos, Dietmar Drung, Christian Enns, Lourdes Fabrega, George Fraser, Flavio Gatti, Luciano Gottardi, Wojtek Hajdas, Panu Helistö, Ian Hepburn, Jan-Willem den Herder, Henk Hoevers, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Mikko Kiviranta, Jan van der Kuur, Aliko Mchedlishvili, Kazu Mitsuda, Luigi Piro, Javier Sese, Noriko Yamasaki, Chris Whitford

Proceedings Volume 6266, 62661Z (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672971

KEYWORDS: Amplifiers, Electronics, Fused deposition modeling, Sensors, X-rays, X-ray astronomy, Detector arrays, Head, Imaging arrays, Inductance

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2006 Paper

NEW: a mission to explore the warm-hot intergalactic medium

Jan-Willem den Herder, Jelle Kaastra, Frits Paerels, Piet de Korte, Lucien Kuiper, Henk Hoevers, Wim Hermsen, Mariano Mèndez, Steven Kahn, Andrew Rasmussen

Proceedings Volume 6266, 62660H (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.668765

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Satellites, Mirrors, Absorption, Spectral resolution, Galaxy groups and clusters, Gamma radiation, Spatial resolution, Image resolution

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The most recent observations of the cosmic microwave background (e.g., WMAP) show that baryons contribute about 4% to the total density of the Universe. However at redshift less than or equal to 1, about half of these baryons have not yet been observed. Cosmological simulations predict that these "missing" baryons should be distributed in filaments, have temperatures of 10⁵ to 10⁷ K and overdensities of a few to hundred times the average baryon density, forming the so-called Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM). There is increasing evidence from Chandra and XMM-Newton that the WHIM may indeed exist. However it is clear that to map the morphology of the WHIM and to measure its physical conditions, a completely different class of instruments is required. Measuring the WHIM in emission in the soft X-ray band is a promising option. To detect the relatively weak, extended emission of the WHIM, the instrument should have a large grasp (collecting area times field of view), and an energy resolving power of about 500 at 1 keV is required to separate the emission of these large scale filaments from foreground emission. We discuss a design that includes X-ray mirrors in combination with a large 2D cryogenic detector, which will allow us to map a significant fraction of this gas. Such detector and its read-out based on Frequency Domain Multiplexing, are currently under development at SRON. It seems feasible to build an array of 24 x 24 pixels of TES microcalorimeters with good energy resolution (few eV). This detector will be combined with a mirror design which is based on 2 and 4 reflections and gives a large area (> 500 cm²) over a relatively large field of view. A preliminary study of the mission concept indicates that this can be implemented in a relatively small satellite (total weight 650 kg). While the main goal of this satellite will be to map and study the physical properties of the missing baryons, the instrument's large area and large field of view will also result in major progress in related fields.

Proceedings Article | 11 October 2004 Paper

Detecting the warm-hot intergalactic medium

Jan-Willem den Herder, Frits Paerels, Andrew Rasmussen, Marcel Bruijn, Henk Hoevers, Jelle Kaastra, Steven Kahn, Piet de Korte, Caleb Scharf

Proceedings Volume 5488, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.551261

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Mirrors, Image resolution, Stars, Spatial resolution, Reflectors, Capacitance, Solids, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 8 October 2004 Paper

Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers

Jochem Baselmans, Merlijn Hajenius, Jianrong Gao, Piet Korte, Teun Klapwijk, Boris Voronov, Gregory Gol'tsman

Proceedings Volume 5498, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552547

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Antennas, Receivers, Bolometers, Resistance, Gold, Interfaces, Superconductors, Silicon, Etching

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

Performance of the reflection grating spectrometer CCD detectors onboard XMM-Newton

Jan den Herder, Cor de Vries, Andy Rasmussen, Carlos Gabriel, Jelle Kaastra, Steven Kahn, Piet de Korte, Frits Paerels, John Peterson, Andy Pollock

Proceedings Volume 5501, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.549768

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Sensors, Radiation effects, Roentgenium, Aluminum, Spectroscopy, Mirrors, Silicon, X-rays, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 2004 Paper

A cryogenic imaging X-ray spectrometer for XEUS read out by frequency-division SQUID multiplexers

Piet de Korte, John van Baar, Norman Baars, Frank Bakker, Wouter Bergmann Tiest, Marcel Bruijn, Alexander Germeau, Henk Hoevers, Mikko Kiviranta, Eric Krouwer, Jan van der Kuur, Marco Lubbers, Wim Mels, Marcel Ridder, Heikki Seppae, Remco Wiegerink

Proceedings Volume 5501, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552933

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Fused deposition modeling, Resistance, Silicon, Capacitors, Image resolution, Inductance, X-ray imaging, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 3 February 2004 Paper

The XEUS hard x-ray camera

Carl Budtz-Jorgensen, Tadayuki Takahashi, Luigi Piro, Irfan Kuvvetli, Andrew Holland, David Lumb, Piet de Korte

Proceedings Volume 5165, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.530904

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Hard x-rays, X-rays, Signal to noise ratio, Cameras, Mirrors, X-ray detectors, Electrons, Wind energy, Galaxy groups and clusters

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Proceedings Article | 11 March 2003 Paper

TES x-ray calorimeter-array for imaging spectroscopy

Piet de Korte, Henk Hoevers, Jan-Willem den Herder, Johan Bleeker, Wouter Tiest, Marcel Bruijn, M. Ridder, Remeo Wiegerink, Jelle Kaastra, Jan van der Kuur, Willem Mels

Proceedings Volume 4851, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.461170

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Sensors, Silicon, Galaxy groups and clusters, Cryogenics, Fused deposition modeling, X-ray imaging, Image resolution, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution

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Proceedings Article | 17 February 2003 Paper

Development of THz Nb diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers

Jianrong Gao, Pavel Yagoubov, Teun Klapwijk, Piet de Korte, W. Ganzevles, D. Wilms Floet

Proceedings Volume 4855, (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.459713

KEYWORDS: Terahertz radiation, Niobium, Bridges, Waveguides, Resistance, Receivers, Superconductors, Temperature metrology, Gold, Antennas

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Proceedings Article | 18 July 2000 Paper

Toward a cryogenic imaging array of transition edge x-ray microcalorimeters

Marcel Bruijn, Wouter Tiest, Henk Hoevers, Jan van der Kuur, Willem Mels, Piet de Korte

Proceedings Volume 4012, (2000) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.391550

KEYWORDS: Metals, X-rays, Sensors, Image resolution, Imaging arrays, Superconductors, X-ray imaging, Absorption, Resistance, Silicon

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 1999 Paper

X-ray evolving universe spectroscopy mission (XEUS): narrow-field imaging high-resolution spectrometer: II (1 to 10 keV)

Piet de Korte, Henk Hoevers, Marcel Bruijn, Antonio Bento, Willem Mels, Johan Bleeker, Andrew Holland, Martin Turner

Proceedings Volume 3766, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363632

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Spectroscopy, X-rays, Image resolution, Superconductors, Absorption, Metals, Bismuth, X-ray imaging, Imaging spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 29 September 1999 Paper

X-ray evolving universe spectroscopy mission (XEUS): requirements of the x-ray focal plane instruments

Piet de Korte, Marcos Bavdaz, Lionel Duband, Andrew Holland, Anthony Peacock, Lothar Strueder

Proceedings Volume 3766, (1999) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.363666

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Iron, Image resolution, Field effect transistors, Spectrometers, Superconductors, Tantalum, Electronics, Mirrors

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Proceedings Article | 10 November 1998 Paper

Performance of hot-electron bolometers for infrared and x-ray detection

Willem Mels, Marcel Bruijn, Henk Hoevers, M. Frericks, F. Kiewiet, Antonio Bento, Piet de Korte

Proceedings Volume 3445, (1998) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.330283

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, X-rays, Resistance, Infrared bolometers, Sensors, Superconductors, Copper, Silicon, Aluminum, X-ray detectors

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 1997 Paper

SFINX: a far-infrared limb sounding spectrometer for stratospheric trace-gas measurement (OH, HCl)

Ruud Hoogeveen, Jan Wijnbergen, Martin de Nivelle, Albrecht de Jonge, Albert Goede, Piet de Korte

Proceedings Volume 3117, (1997) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.278926

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Bolometers, Mirrors, Superconductors, Spectroscopy, Ozone, Satellites, Helium, Fabry–Perot interferometry, Photodetectors

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Proceedings Article | 31 October 1996 Paper

Reflection Grating Spectrometer on board XMM

A. Brinkman, Henry Aarts, Antonius den Boggende, T. Bootsma, Luc Dubbeldam, Jan-Willem den Herder, Jelle Kaastra, Piet de Korte, Boris van Leeuwen, Rolf Mewe, E. van Zwet, Todd Decker, Charles Hailey, Steven Kahn, Frits Paerels, Steven Pratuch, Andrew Rasmussen, Graziella Branduardi-Raymont, Phil Guttridge, Jay Bixler, Knud Thomsen, Alex Zehnder, Christian Erd

Proceedings Volume 2808, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.256019

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, Roentgenium, Sensors, X-rays, Diffraction gratings, Telescopes, Calibration, Spectroscopy, Spectral resolution, CCD cameras

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Proceedings Article | 31 October 1996 Paper

Superconductive tunnel junction detectors as x-ray spectrometers

Piet de Korte, Marcel van den Berg, Marcel Bruijn, J. Gomez, F. Kiewiet, H. van Lieshout, O. Luiten, C. Brons, Jaap Flokstra, A. Hamster

Proceedings Volume 2808, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.256023

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Niobium, Crystals, Sensors, Diffusion, Aluminum, Tantalum, X-ray detectors, Electrodes, Superconductors

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Proceedings Article | 31 October 1996 Paper

Back-illuminated CCDs developed for the reflection grating spectrometer on board XMM

T. Bootsma, Henry Aarts, Marcel van den Berg, A. Brinkman, Antonius den Boggende, Jan-Willem den Herder, L. de Jong, Piet de Korte, S. Olsthoorn, E. van Zwet, Alan Owens

Proceedings Volume 2808, (1996) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.256020

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Calibration, Quantum efficiency, Aluminum, Absorption, Spectroscopy, Back illuminated sensors, Gas lasers, Roentgenium

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Proceedings Article | 27 December 1995 Paper

Bolometric detector for OH observation

Piet de Korte, Martin de Nivelle, Jan Wijnbergen

Proceedings Volume 2578, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.228950

KEYWORDS: Bolometers, Silicon, Sensors, Silicon films, Resistance, Information operations, Phonons, Superconductors, Thin films, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 27 December 1995 Paper

Instrumental aspects of a satellite-based Fabry-Perot equipped with a high-Tc bolometer for detection of stratospheric OH

Jan Wijnbergen, Piet de Korte, Martin de Nivelle

Proceedings Volume 2578, (1995) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.228951

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Diffraction, Mirrors, Telescopes, Fabry–Perot interferometers, Compound parabolic concentrators, Bolometers, Spectral resolution, Image resolution, Satellites

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Proceedings Article | 16 September 1994 Paper

Integrated x-ray testing of the electro-optical breadboard model for the X-ray Multimirror Mission (XMM) reflection grating spectrometer

Jay Bixler, Henry Aarts, Wolfgang Burkert, Antonius den Boggende, Graziella Branduardi-Raymont, Heinrich Braeuninger, A. Brinkman, William Craig, Todd Decker, Luc Dubbeldam, Christian Erd, Charles Hailey, Jan-Willem den Herder, Fred Jansen, Steven Kahn, Piet de Korte, C. Mauche, Frits Paerels, Knud Thomsen

Proceedings Volume 2280, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.186828

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Mirrors, Charge-coupled devices, Roentgenium, Telescopes, Diffraction gratings, Electro optical modeling, Sensors, Spectroscopy, Tolerancing

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Proceedings Article | 13 September 1994 Paper

Reflection grating spectrometer onboard the ESA x-ray multi-mirror (XMM) mission

Jan-Willem den Herder, Henry Aarts, Marcel van den Berg, Jay Bixler, Antonius den Boggende, Graziella Branduardi-Raymont, A. Brinkman, Todd Decker, Luc Dubbeldam, Charles Hailey, Fred Jansen, Steven Kahn, Piet de Korte, C. Mauche, Richard Montesanti, Frits Paerels, Hugo Spruijt, Knud Thomsen, Peter Verhoeve, Alex Zehnder

Proceedings Volume 2209, (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.185279

KEYWORDS: Mirrors, Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, Roentgenium, Cameras, X-ray telescopes, Back illuminated sensors, CCD cameras, Spectral resolution, Telescopes

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The Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) onboard the ESA satellite XMM (X-ray Multi Mirror mission) combines a high resolving power (approximately 400 at 0.5 keV) with a large effective area (approximately 200 cm²). The spectral range selected for RGS (5 - 35 angstroms) contains the K shell transitions of N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si and S as well as the important L shell transitions of FE. The resolving power allows the study of a wide variety of challenging scientific questions. Detailed temperature diagnostics are feasible as the ionization balance is a unique function of the distribution of the electron temperature. Density diagnostics are provided by studying He-like triplets where the ratio of the forbidden to intercombination lines varies with density. Other fields of interest include the determination of elemental abundances, the study of optical depth effects, velocity diagnostics by measuring Doppler shifts and the estimate of magnetic fields through the observation of Zeeman splitting. The resolving power is obtained by an array of 240 gratings placed behind the mirrors of the telescope, dispersing about half of the X-rays in two spectroscopic orders. The X-rays are recorded by an array of 9 large format CCDs. These CCDs are operated in the frame transfer mode. They are back illuminated as the quantum efficiency of front illuminated devices is poor at low energies because of their poly-silicon gate structure. To suppress dark current the CCDs are passively cooled. In order to obtain the effective area of about 200 cm², grating arrays and CCD cameras are placed behind two of the three XMM telescopes. A model of RGS was tested last autumn ('93) at the Panter long beam X-ray facility in Munich. The model consisted of a subset of four mirrors, eight representative gratings covering a small section of the inner mirror shells and a CCD camera containing three CCDs. The purpose of these tests was to verify the resolution and sensitivity of the instrument as a function of X-ray energy. Extensive simulations, using a Monte Carlo raytracing code, are used to interpret these tests. Preliminary results of these tests will be discussed and compared to the calculated response.

Proceedings Article | 8 October 1992 Paper

Superconductive tunnel junctions for x-ray spectroscopy

Piet de Korte, Marcel van den Berg, Marcel Bruijn, M. Frericks, J. le Grand, J. Gijsbertsen, E. Houwman, Jaap Flokstra

Proceedings Volume 1743, (1992) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.130664

KEYWORDS: X-rays, Quasiparticles, X-ray astronomy, Electrodes, Phonons, Niobium, Extreme ultraviolet, Astronomy, Gamma radiation, Semiconducting wafers

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Proceedings Article | 1 November 1990 Paper

Soft x-ray performance of back-illuminated EEV CCDs

Philip Bailey, M. Cross, Peter Pool, Christian Castelli, Andrew Holland, David Lumb, P. van Essen, Peter Verhoeve, Fred Jansen, Piet de Korte

Proceedings Volume 1344, (1990) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.23264

KEYWORDS: Charge-coupled devices, X-rays, X-ray astronomy, Extreme ultraviolet, Gamma radiation, Electrons, Spectroscopy, Energy efficiency, Silicon, Cameras

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Showing 5 of 31 publications

Conference Committee Involvement (1)

High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy

22 June 2004 | Glasgow, United Kingdom

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