The high-energy modular array (HEMA) is one of three instruments that compose the Spectroscopic Time-Resolving Observatory for Broadband Energy X-rays (STROBE-X) mission concept. The HEMA is a large-area, high-throughput non-imaging pointed instrument based on the large area detector (LAD) developed as part of the Large Observatory For X-ray Timing (LOFT) mission concept. It is designed for spectral timing measurements of a broad range of sources and provides a transformative increase in sensitivity to X-rays in the energy range of 2 to 30 keV compared with previous instruments, with an effective area of 3.4 m2 at 8.5 keV and an energy resolution of better than 300 at 6 keV in its nominal field of regard.
We give an overview of the science objectives and mission design of the “Spectroscopic Time-Resolving Observatory for Broadband Energy X-rays” observatory, which has been proposed as a NASA probe-class (∼$1.5B) mission in response to the Astro2020 recommendation for an X-ray probe.
The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument designed for the eXTP (enhanced Xray Timing and Polarimetry) mission, a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Space Administration. The eXTP science case involves the study of matter under extreme conditions of gravity, density and magnetism. The eXTP mission is currently performing a phase B study, expected to be completed by the end of 2024. The target launch date is end-2029. Until recently, the eXTP scientific payload included four instruments (Spectroscopy Focusing Array, Polarimetry Focusing Array, Large Area Detector and Wide Field Monitor) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The mission designed was however rescoped in early 2024 to meet the programmatic requirements of a final mission adoption in the context of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Negotiations are still ongoing at agency level to assess the feasibility of a European participation to the payload implementation, by providing the LAD and WFM instruments, through a European Consortium composed of institutes from Italy, Spain, Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland and Turkey. At the time of writing, the LAD instrument is thus a scientific payload proposed for inclusion on eXTP. The LAD instrument for eXTP is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission within the ESA-M3 context. The eXTP/LAD envisages a deployed >3 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we provide an overview of the LAD instrument design and the status of its maturity when approaching nearly the end of its phase B study.
The Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry (eXTP) mission is a flagship astronomy mission led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and scheduled for launch in 2029. The Large Area Detector (LAD) is one of the instruments on board eXTP and is dedicated to studying the timing of X-ray sources with unprecedented sensitivity. The development of the eXTP LAD involves a significant mass production of elements to be deployed in a significant number of countries (Italy, Austria, Germany, Poland, China, Czech Republic, France). This feature makes the Manufacturing, Assembly, Integration and Test (MAIT), Verification and Calibration the most challenging and critical tasks of the project. An optimized Flight Model (FM) implementation plan has been drawn up, aiming at a production rate of 2 Modules per week. This plan is based on the interleaving of a series of parallel elementary activities in order to make the most efficient use of time and resources and to ensure that the schedule is met.
The Spectroscopic Time-Resolving Observatory for Broadband X-rays (STROBE-X) is a proposed NASA Astrophysics Probe-class mission. STROBE-X is a time domain and multi-messenger mission designed to provide an unparalleled laboratory for probing strong gravity and the behavior of matter in extreme environments. The instrument suite encompasses a wide-field monitor and two pointed instruments to provide transient discovery and the capability for rapid follow-up with broadband (0.2–30 keV), high time resolution spectroscopy. Over 10,000 pointed observations will be conducted each year and STROBE-X will be able to slew to targets within minutes in response to transients triggered by on-board or ground alerts. Here, we present an overview of the STROBE-X science drivers, mission design, and instrument complement.
The enhanced x-ray timing and polarimetry mission (eXTP) is a flagship observatory for x-ray timing, spectroscopy and polarimetry developed by an international consortium. Thanks to its very large collecting area, good spectral resolution and unprecedented polarimetry capabilities, eXTP will explore the properties of matter and the propagation of light in the most extreme conditions found in the universe. eXTP will, in addition, be a powerful x-ray observatory. The mission will continuously monitor the x-ray sky, and will enable multi-wavelength and multi-messenger studies. The mission is currently in phase B, which will be completed in the middle of 2022.
The Large Area Detector (LAD) is the high-throughput, spectral-timing instrument onboard the eXTP mission, a flagship mission of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the China National Space Administration, with a large European participation coordinated by Italy and Spain. The eXTP mission is currently performing its phase B study, with a target launch at the end-2027. The eXTP scientific payload includes four instruments (SFA, PFA, LAD and WFM) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray timing and polarimetry sensitivity. The LAD instrument is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission. It envisages a deployed 3.2 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we will provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, its current status of development and anticipated performance.
The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) will be the cryogenic X-ray spectro-imager of the ESA Athena space observatory. It will implement a matrix of 3168 superconducting Transition Edge Sensors at 90 mK to provide a very high spectral resolution of 2.5 eV up to the energy of 7 keV, across a 5’ large field of view. The X-IFU successfully passed its Preliminary Requirements Review in mid-2019. After providing an overview of the driving science cases, the key requirements, I will present a status on the instrument development.
We have proposed the development of X-ray interferometry as part of ESA’s Voyage 2050 programme, to reveal the universe at high energies with ultra-high spatial resolution. With only a 1 m baseline, which could be accommodated on a single spacecraft, X-ray interferometry can reach 100 μas resolution at 10 Å (1.24 keV) and exceed that of the Event Horizon Telescope at 2Å (6.2 keV). A multi-spacecraft ‘constellation’ interferometer would resolve well below 1 μas. Here we focus on the single-spacecraft interferometer design and discuss the process of fringe detection and image reconstruction from multiple baselines, showing simulated images of test cases from our Voyage 2050 White Paper. We also discuss the challenges and feasibility of reaching the technical requirements needed for a single-spacecraft interferometer. Most key requirements are already feasible or within easy reach. Besides a ground-based testbed, covered elsewhere in these proceedings, the most important areas for development include large format, small-pixel X-ray detectors and pointing which is stable or can be reconstructed to tens of µas precision.
The eXTP (enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry) mission is a major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and China National Space Administration (CNSA) currently performing an extended phase A study and proposed for a launch by 2025 in a low-earth orbit. The eXTP scientific payload envisages a suite of instruments (Spectroscopy Focusing Array, Polarimetry Focusing Array, Large Area Detector and Wide Field Monitor) offering unprecedented simultaneous wide-band X-ray spectral, timing and polarimetry sensitivity. A large European consortium is contributing to the eXTP study and it is expected to provide key hardware elements, including a Large Area Detector (LAD). The LAD instrument for eXTP is based on the design originally proposed for the LOFT mission within the ESA context. The eXTP/LAD envisages a deployed 3.4 m2 effective area in the 2-30 keV energy range, achieved through the technology of the large-area Silicon Drift Detectors - offering a spectral resolution of up to 200 eV FWHM at 6 keV - and of capillary plate collimators - limiting the field of view to about 1 degree. In this paper we provide an overview of the LAD instrument design, including new elements with respect to the earlier LOFT configuration.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.